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human geography > Political patterns quiz 2 > Flashcards

Political patterns quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

administered boundary

A

How a boundary will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross

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2
Q

allocation boundary dispute

A

when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries

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3
Q

contiguous zone

A

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation

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4
Q

controlled borders

A

a boundary that was drawn across an area prior to the area becoming substantially populated

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5
Q

defined boundary

A

a boundary established by a legal document (such as a treaty)

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6
Q

delimited boundary

A

a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space

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7
Q

demarcated boundary

A

identified by physical objects places on the landscape

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8
Q

definitional boundary

A

a boundary agreed to be made by two political parties in a treaty or other legal document

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9
Q

exclaves

A

Territories that are part of a state, yet geographically separated from the main state by one or more countries

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10
Q

exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

A

coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles

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11
Q

high seas

A

water beyond the EEZ is open to all states

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12
Q

irredentism

A

when a country seeks to annex territory in another because it has ties to part of the population that lives there

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13
Q

locational boundary dispute (territorial)

A

dispute that is centered on where a boundary is

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14
Q

operational boundary dispute (functional)

A

centers on not the location of a boundary but how it functions

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15
Q

political enclaves

A

States, territories, or parts of a state or territory that are completely surrounded by the territory of another state

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16
Q

shatterbelt

A

a region that suffers instability because it is located between two very different regions

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17
Q

Small Island Developing State (SIDS)

A

A group of small island countries which tend to share similar sustainable development challenges

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18
Q

territorial sea

A

up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged

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19
Q

United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

A

an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities

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20
Q

census

A

a count of the population every 10 years (US)

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21
Q

cracking

A

A form of gerrymandering in which the group is dispersed into several districts to prevent a majority

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22
Q

electoral geography

A

the analysis of the methods, the behavior, and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques

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23
Q

electorate

A

elected officials on the state, national, and local levels who represent citizens

24
Q

gerrymandering

A

the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend their advantage

25
Q

hijacking

A

redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other

26
Q

internal boundaries

A

borders within a country

27
Q

kidnapping

A

when redistricting moves a supported elected official to an area they are no longer supported

28
Q

packing

A

combines similar voters into one district to prevent them affecting another district

29
Q

reapportionment

A

changing the number of representatives granted each state so it reflects the states population

30
Q

redistricting

A

state legislatures that redraw district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people

31
Q

stacking

A

Diluting a minority populated district with majority populations

32
Q

voting districts

A

wide variety of small polling areas (election districts, precincts, or wards) State and local governments create for purpose of administering elections

33
Q

annexation

A

the process of legally adding territory to a city

34
Q

federal state

A

A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller, regional authorities

35
Q

unitary state

A

a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government

36
Q

ethnic separatism

A

the separation of people due to ethnicity, culture, or government from a larger group. occurs when minority groups fight for independence

37
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

the forced removal of a minority ethnic group from a territory

38
Q

terrorism

A

organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets that is intended to create fear in furtherance of political aims

39
Q

african union

A

an organization of African states that aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members

40
Q

arctic council

A

Intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by Arctic governments and indigenous people from the Arctic

41
Q

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A

An organization of countries in southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region

42
Q

autonomous regions

A

a defined area within a state that has a high degree of self government and freedom from its parent state

43
Q

balkanization

A

the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often hostile, units along ethno-linguistic lines

44
Q

democratization

A

the transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics

45
Q

European Union(EU)

A

the political and economic integration of member states (27 member states primarily in Europe)

46
Q

Globalization

A

the integration of markets, states, communication, and trade on a worldwide scale

47
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

The mutual defense of member states. safeguard allies freedom and security by political and military means

48
Q

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A

focuses on the production of petroleum, coordinating and unifying its members, and creating a stable oil market

49
Q

subnationalism

A

people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity

50
Q

supranationalism

A

when multiple countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members

51
Q

United nations

A

Takes on issues facing humanity such as peace and security

52
Q

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

A

formerly NAFTA to simulate free trade among members

53
Q

Transnational corporations

A

companies that conduct business on a global scale

54
Q

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A

The International organization that regulates international trade

55
Q

ethnonationalism

A

a form of nationalism in which the “nation” is defined in terms of ethnicity

56
Q

regionalism

A

the belief or practice of regional administrative systems rather than central systems (a political factor that plays a role in creating centrifugal forces)

human geography (1 decks)

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