political parties Flashcards
define a political party
A group. of people who work together to achieve shared goals by standing candidates in elections to win public office
define and give me an example of a single-party system
Only one party
* soviet russia
define and give me an example of a dominant-party system
more than one party but one party holds power
*1955-1993 Japan Liberal-democratic party
define and give me an example of a two-party system
Two parties that compete for power, although there are other parties, they don’t stand a chance
* USA and UK
define and give me an example of a multi-party system
There are more than two parties competing for power, often found in countries with proportional voting systems that usually result in coalitions
* Italy 1955-1953
The conservative party
When was the conservative party formed
1834
The conservative party
Explain the origins of the conservative party
- traditionally one nation
- supported traditional institutions such as the church
- focused on mainting the status quo whilsts gradually improving
The conservative party
What did traditional conservatives think the role of the state was
Traditional conservativism is paternalistic - rich have an obligation to look after the poor
supports a keynesian mixed economy
The conservative party
Explain thatcherism and the new right (1979-1990)
- importance of individual needs over societys
- reduce role of government and state intervention
- endorsed business deregulation and industry privatisation
The conservative party
How did one-nation conservativism develop into thatcherism
- one nation was pragmatic and thatcherism was dogmatic
- one nation makes gradual changes whereas thatcherism makes radical changes
- one nation favours a keynesian mixed economy whereas thatcherism promotes a free-market economy
The conservative party
What prime minister is most commonly associated ith one-nation conservativism
victorian PM Benjamin Disraeli
The conservative party
What are the traditional values of the conservative party
- nuclear family
- insitution of marriage
- maintaining a firm line on immigration policies
The conservative party
Give an example of when policy reflected the traditional values of conservativism
1998 - The passing of section 28 which banned the promotion of homosexuality in schools
The conservative party
What strands of conservativism are prominent in conservativism today
all 4 strands
The conservative party
Give 4 policies from the 2019 conservative manifesto and which strand they belong to
- everyone who can work, should work, continuring the rollout of universal credit and crack down on benefit fraud - THATCHERISM
- An australian - style point based syetm to control immigration - TRADITIONAL VALUES
- Maintaining the ‘triple lock’ on pensions - ONE - NATION
The conservative party
Give an example of divisions within the conservative party
David cameron legalising same sex marriage in 2013 - majority of his own party voted against and the act was only passed due to the support of the opposition parties
The Labour party
Where can the labour party trace its origins back to?
Farringdon street conference 1900
The Labour party
What was the origins of the labour party
alliance between members of the trade union and various socialist groups
The Labour party
What is clause IV
the labour party aspiration to abolish capitalism alongside nationalism and the inevitable redistribution of welath that would follow this - adopted into constitution in 1918
The Labour party
Give an example of economic socialism in the labour party
Post-war atlee government - first labour government majoirt and set up welfare state
also took state ownership of industries such as coal mining and travel agent thomas cook
How many unions were associated with labour in 2020
Just 12
The Labour party
What is trade unionism
labours commitment to advance and protect the rights of workers
The Labour party
What is global internationalism
Labours committment to peace and disarmament alonside resisting facism and racism
The Labour party
Give an example of globalist internationalism in the labour party
Labours first PM - Ramsey Macdonald remained a pacifist in WW1
The Labour party
What was blairs intention with ‘third-way socialism’
to modernise and update labour back towards the center after it leaned to the left under micheal foot
The Labour party
Explaiin third-way socialism (new labour)
Focus on reducing child poverty, funding the NHS and education sectors and economic growth and employment
The Labour party
Explain the labour party and clause IV case study
Clause IV was embedded in the labour constitution in 1918, explaining the socialist values of the party uses language of Marx himself
but the wholesale privitisation of industries left blair in a dilemma of whether to renationalise or amen the statement of Clause IV
There was a vote at the methodist central hall to amend the statement which led to blairs landslide victory
The Labour party
Give 3 labour policies from 2019 and the strand of Labour most reflected
- increase the health budget to 4.3% and cut private provision in the NHS - ECONOMIC SOCIALISM
- remove unfair and uneccesary restrictions on trade unions and repeal anti-trade union bills such as the trade union act 2016
- Asylum seekers having the right to work and access to public services - GLOBAL INTERNATIONALISM
The Labour party
How did the election result in 2019 show a collapse in the labour vote
traditional midland and northeastern strongholds did not vote labour and they firmly backed brexit in the 2016 referendum
The Liberal Democrats
What are the origins of the Lib-Dems
The liberal party - conservatives main rival until the 1920s
4 time prime minister william gladtone stood for free trade, religious toleration and self-help.
The Liberal Democrats
How did the Lib-dems come about
1988 - merging of the liberal party and the social democratic party
The Liberal Democrats
What are Liberal democracts focused on today
comittment to the EU, reform electoral systems and human rights and freedoms
The Liberal Democrats
Give 3 policy pledges from the Lib-dem 2019 manifesto
- Stop brexit process completely
- proportional representation voting systems with the introduction of STV
- Taxing big businesses with coorperate tax ton 20% rather than 17%
The Liberal Democrats
How did the 2010 and the 2015 elections differ for the Lib-Dems
2010 - 56 seats
2015 - 8 seats
The Liberal Democrats
What was a reason for the liberal democrats decrease in population
abandonment of several key policies such as abolishing student tuition fees
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
Define party structure
the organisation of political parties at local and national level
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the conservative local level structure
local conservative associations
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the labour local level structure
Each constituemcy has a constituency labour party (CLP)
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the Lib- Dems local level structure
has local branches but are organised along federal lines with seperate national parties for england, scotland and wales
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the conservatives local-level policy making systems
Local conservative associations plan local campaigning
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the labour local level policy making system
CLP takres lead in local and national election campaigns
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the conservatives national level structure
The national HQ is conservatives campaign headquarters
day-to-day running of the party is undertaken by the board of the conservative party
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the national level structure for labour
day-to-day running of the party is undertaken by the National Executive Committee (NEC)
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the national level structure for the Lib-Dems
The Federal Board (FB) is the national governing body
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the conservatives national level policy-making system
Conservative party forum set up in 1988 enables more grassroot participation
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is Labours national level policy-making system
until the 1990s the annual conference was the main policy-making body but its power has since declined
The structure and fuctions of the main parties
What is the Lib-Dems national level policy-making sytem
process represents federal structure of the party
issues raised at conferences become official national policy
conferences in england cotland and wales set plicys that only affect their regional area
