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AP GOPO > Political Parties > Flashcards

Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Founders look at parties?

A

Seen as fractions and divisions, however, became necessary and led to the rise of parties

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2
Q

Political party

A

a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label- a “party identification” by which they are known to the electorate

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3
Q

One reason voter turnout is higher abroad is because…

A

political affiliation motivates people to vote more so than in the US

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4
Q

three political arenas where parties are found

A

label, organizations, set of leaders

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5
Q

overtime three arenas have weakened…our best evidence is…

A

split tickets, label usage decreasing, decreasing organization power

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6
Q

factors explaining difference between American and European parties

A
  • decentralization of political authority in US

- direct primaries

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7
Q

Republicans and Federalists

A

Jefferson founded, name to make assumptions, was temporary, Federalists fell when Republicans dominated

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8
Q

Jacksonians

A

Andrew Jackson Presidency through Civil War, Bottum-up, Republicans won Senate and Presidency

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9
Q

Mugwumps (progressives)

A

faction that was opposed to the heavy emphasis on patronage

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10
Q

characteristics of mugwumps

A

disliked the party machinery because it permitted only bland candidates to rise to the top, was fearful of heavy influx of immigrants, and of the inability of party regulates to organize them -> wanted to see party take unpopular stance

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11
Q

era of reform

A

progressive attacked partisanship, direct primary

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12
Q

Eristical realignment period

A

a period when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

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13
Q

five realignments

A

i. 1800 Jefferson defeated Federalists
ii. 1828 when Jacksonians came to power
iii. 1860 Whig party collapsed
iv. 1896 Republicans defeated William Jennings Bryan
v. 1932 when Roosevelt came to office

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14
Q

split ticket

A

voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

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15
Q

straight ticket

A

voting for candidates of the same party

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16
Q

office-bloc ballot

A

a ballot listing all candidates of a given office under the name of that office

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17
Q

party-column ballot

A

a ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party

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18
Q

national convention

A

a meeting of party delegates held every four years

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19
Q

national committee

A

Delegates run party affairs between national conventions

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20
Q

congressional campaign committee

A

a party committee in congress that provides funds to members and would-be members

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21
Q

national chair

A

manager elected by the national committee

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22
Q

political machine

A

a party organization that recruits members by dispensing organizations

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23
Q

ideological party

A

party that values principle stands on issue above all else

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24
Q

solidary incentives

A

social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

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25
personal following
the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks
26
critical or realignment period
a period when a major lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties
27
the national committee selects...
the time and place of the next convention and calls for the conventions
28
what influences the chances of various presidential candidates?
number of delegates and manner of selection
29
goals of McGovern Commission
- equal division between men and women - establishment of goals for minority groups - open delegate selection procedures - elimination of 75% of delegates congressional district or lower - no unit rule - restriction on superdelegates - requirement delegates pledge vote
30
superdelegates
party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
31
Goal of Hunt Commission
to increase influence of elected official and make convention more deliberative body
32
Rules affect the
distribution of power
33
changes made by DNC for 1992 campaign
proportional representation system, penalties for violation of rules, winner-reward systems banned
34
what do parties do?
``` • Try to get candidates elected • Try to control government to get their policies enacted • Try to represent a set of ideas • Nominate candidates • Communicate with the public • Try to gain control of Congress • Try to represent at local, state, and national levels - Try to influence the judiciary ```
35
relation between activists and Bernie Sanders
activists are extreme and vote in the primaries (in this case for the extreme Bernie Sanders)
36
functions of political parties
``` nominating functions seal of approval role in election loyal opposition linkage institutions ```
37
seal of approval
I am going to like Bob better because he is Democratic even though I do not know him.
38
linkage institutions
Institutions/organizations that connect the people to the government and the government to the people
39
loyal opposition
bring over moderate Democrats to block agendas, bring out flaws for mid-term, serve as a check
40
party machine
Someone thrown in jail- party machine comes and bails him out- asks for their vote as a thank you
41
party conventions purpose
``` pick presidential nominee decide party platforms highlight rising stars Get publicity enthusiasm ```
42
how did McGovern Fraser influence voting?
ideology not electability
43
what is leading to dealignment of south
``` ▪ Urbanization ▪ Younger ▪ College-educated people ▪ Increased minorities ▪ Internal migration - Democratic party seeks to expand federal control- leads to Virgina becoming blue because people in northern Virgina you would work for federal government ```
44
what led to south being republican`
``` ○ CVRA 1964 ○ Economics- less taxes for Reagan ○ Increased military force ○ Religious issues (outlaw prayer in schools in 62/63) ○ Abortion - "Family values" ```
45
reasons minor parties can't win election
Plurality and winner-take-all system Single-member districts Less popularity- major parties get more votes Less name recognition Fear of wasting vote Electoral college system
46
name recognition cycle
need media attention to get money for advertising to get name recognition but need name recognition to get media attention
47
Electoral college and impact on minor parties
representatives aren't based on proportions so getting a few delegates is meaningless
48
impacts by minor parties
Ideas are adopted by major parties Take away votes Testing grounds Divert activists from major parties Might dampen extremism Safety valve Increase voter turnout
49
how does major parties adopting minor party's ideas have an impact
larger parties become broader based
50
Tammany Hall
main local political machine of the Democratic Party
51
political patronage
practice of dispensing state resources as a reward for political and electoral support
52
caucus
a meeting at which local members of a political party register their preference among candidates running for office or select delegates to attend a convention
53
spoils system
the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed
54
party sorting
effect in politics in which specific viewpoints migrate to specific areas, becoming much more concentrated in them than in the wider electorate
55
coalition
temporary alliance of political parties
56
how did the civil service reform weaken party machines?
ended spoils system, officials elected based on merit
57
campaign finance reform
only give so much money to candidate or party
58
split level parties
strong vigorous organizations, weak mass presence
59
four types of minor parties
enduring minor (libertarian), single-issue, fusion (candidate backed with more than one label), candidate-centered campaigns
60
what makes strong party
control over nominations have control over how members vote in Congress or state legislature candidates get elected
61
what makes party weak
``` more voters voting in the extremes large number of independents costs more to run voting for candidates, not parties (split tickets) Party decentralization Rise of new media ```
62
Effect of weak parties
``` increased partisanship less trust in government cannot enact agenda turnout goes down importance of outside groups ^^ ```
63
Reasons for pacific- democratic
``` more minorities younger people urban areas gay rights abortion rights environmental issues ```
64
Midwest- swing
factories (Rust belt) Personal economics Alternate blaming
65
Colorado switch to democratic
Denver, boulder | first to legalize marijuana
66
rocky mountains- republicans
rural people religious people ranches more independent

AP GOPO (4 decks)

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