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AP GOPO > Political Parties > Flashcards

Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Founders look at parties?

A

Seen as fractions and divisions, however, became necessary and led to the rise of parties

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2
Q

Political party

A

a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label- a “party identification” by which they are known to the electorate

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3
Q

One reason voter turnout is higher abroad is because…

A

political affiliation motivates people to vote more so than in the US

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4
Q

three political arenas where parties are found

A

label, organizations, set of leaders

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5
Q

overtime three arenas have weakened…our best evidence is…

A

split tickets, label usage decreasing, decreasing organization power

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6
Q

factors explaining difference between American and European parties

A
  • decentralization of political authority in US

- direct primaries

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7
Q

Republicans and Federalists

A

Jefferson founded, name to make assumptions, was temporary, Federalists fell when Republicans dominated

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8
Q

Jacksonians

A

Andrew Jackson Presidency through Civil War, Bottum-up, Republicans won Senate and Presidency

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9
Q

Mugwumps (progressives)

A

faction that was opposed to the heavy emphasis on patronage

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10
Q

characteristics of mugwumps

A

disliked the party machinery because it permitted only bland candidates to rise to the top, was fearful of heavy influx of immigrants, and of the inability of party regulates to organize them -> wanted to see party take unpopular stance

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11
Q

era of reform

A

progressive attacked partisanship, direct primary

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12
Q

Eristical realignment period

A

a period when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

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13
Q

five realignments

A

i. 1800 Jefferson defeated Federalists
ii. 1828 when Jacksonians came to power
iii. 1860 Whig party collapsed
iv. 1896 Republicans defeated William Jennings Bryan
v. 1932 when Roosevelt came to office

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14
Q

split ticket

A

voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

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15
Q

straight ticket

A

voting for candidates of the same party

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16
Q

office-bloc ballot

A

a ballot listing all candidates of a given office under the name of that office

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17
Q

party-column ballot

A

a ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party

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18
Q

national convention

A

a meeting of party delegates held every four years

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19
Q

national committee

A

Delegates run party affairs between national conventions

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20
Q

congressional campaign committee

A

a party committee in congress that provides funds to members and would-be members

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21
Q

national chair

A

manager elected by the national committee

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22
Q

political machine

A

a party organization that recruits members by dispensing organizations

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23
Q

ideological party

A

party that values principle stands on issue above all else

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24
Q

solidary incentives

A

social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

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25
Q

personal following

A

the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks

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26
Q

critical or realignment period

A

a period when a major lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

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27
Q

the national committee selects…

A

the time and place of the next convention and calls for the conventions

28
Q

what influences the chances of various presidential candidates?

A

number of delegates and manner of selection

29
Q

goals of McGovern Commission

A
  • equal division between men and women
  • establishment of goals for minority groups
  • open delegate selection procedures
  • elimination of 75% of delegates congressional district or lower
  • no unit rule
  • restriction on superdelegates
  • requirement delegates pledge vote
30
Q

superdelegates

A

party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

31
Q

Goal of Hunt Commission

A

to increase influence of elected official and make convention more deliberative body

32
Q

Rules affect the

A

distribution of power

33
Q

changes made by DNC for 1992 campaign

A

proportional representation system, penalties for violation of rules, winner-reward systems banned

34
Q

what do parties do?

A 
• Try to get candidates elected
	• Try to control government to get their policies enacted
	• Try to represent a set of ideas 
	• Nominate candidates
	• Communicate with the public
	• Try to gain control of Congress
	• Try to represent at local, state, and national levels
        - Try to influence the judiciary
35
Q

relation between activists and Bernie Sanders

A

activists are extreme and vote in the primaries (in this case for the extreme Bernie Sanders)

36
Q

functions of political parties

A 
nominating functions
seal of approval
role in election
loyal opposition
linkage institutions
37
Q

seal of approval

A

I am going to like Bob better because he is Democratic even though I do not know him.

38
Q

linkage institutions

A

Institutions/organizations that connect the people to the government and the government to the people

39
Q

loyal opposition

A

bring over moderate Democrats to block agendas, bring out flaws for mid-term, serve as a check

40
Q

party machine

A

Someone thrown in jail- party machine comes and bails him out- asks for their vote as a thank you

41
Q

party conventions purpose

A 
pick presidential nominee
decide party platforms
highlight rising stars
Get publicity
enthusiasm
42
Q

how did McGovern Fraser influence voting?

A

ideology not electability

43
Q

what is leading to dealignment of south

A 
▪ Urbanization
			▪ Younger
			▪ College-educated people
			▪ Increased minorities
			▪ Internal migration
                        - Democratic party seeks to expand federal control- leads to Virgina becoming blue because people in northern Virgina you would work for federal government
44
Q

what led to south being republican`

A 
○ CVRA 1964
		○ Economics- less taxes for Reagan
		○ Increased military force
		○ Religious issues (outlaw prayer in schools in 62/63)
		○ Abortion
                  - "Family values"
45
Q

reasons minor parties can’t win election

A

Plurality and winner-take-all system

Single-member districts

Less popularity- major parties get more votes

Less name recognition

Fear of wasting vote

Electoral college system

46
Q

name recognition cycle

A

need media attention to get money for advertising to get name recognition but need name recognition to get media attention

47
Q

Electoral college and impact on minor parties

A

representatives aren’t based on proportions so getting a few delegates is meaningless

48
Q

impacts by minor parties

A

Ideas are adopted by major parties

Take away votes

Testing grounds

Divert activists from major parties

Might dampen extremism

Safety valve

Increase voter turnout

49
Q

how does major parties adopting minor party’s ideas have an impact

A

larger parties become broader based

50
Q

Tammany Hall

A

main local political machine of the Democratic Party

51
Q

political patronage

A

practice of dispensing state resources as a reward for political and electoral support

52
Q

caucus

A

a meeting at which local members of a political party register their preference among candidates running for office or select delegates to attend a convention

53
Q

spoils system

A

the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed

54
Q

party sorting

A

effect in politics in which specific viewpoints migrate to specific areas, becoming much more concentrated in them than in the wider electorate

55
Q

coalition

A

temporary alliance of political parties

56
Q

how did the civil service reform weaken party machines?

A

ended spoils system, officials elected based on merit

57
Q

campaign finance reform

A

only give so much money to candidate or party

58
Q

split level parties

A

strong vigorous organizations, weak mass presence

59
Q

four types of minor parties

A

enduring minor (libertarian), single-issue, fusion (candidate backed with more than one label), candidate-centered campaigns

60
Q

what makes strong party

A

control over nominations
have control over how members vote in Congress or state legislature
candidates get elected

61
Q

what makes party weak

A 
more voters voting in the extremes
large number of independents
costs more to run
voting for candidates, not parties (split tickets)
Party decentralization
Rise of new media
62
Q

Effect of weak parties

A 
increased partisanship
less trust in government
cannot enact agenda
turnout goes down
importance of outside groups ^^
63
Q

Reasons for pacific- democratic

A 
more minorities
younger people
urban areas
gay rights
abortion rights
environmental issues
64
Q

Midwest- swing

A

factories (Rust belt)
Personal economics
Alternate blaming

65
Q

Colorado switch to democratic

A

Denver, boulder

first to legalize marijuana

66
Q

rocky mountains- republicans

A

rural people
religious people
ranches
more independent

AP GOPO (4 decks)

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