Political Instability And Extremism

Question 1

Kapp putch February 1920

Answer 1

Elbert had to disband freikorps unit due to Treaty of Versailles
Gustav Noske the defence minister had two disband 2 units compromised of 12,000men
General Walter Von Luttwitz, the commanding general refused and was then ordered to be arrested
Group of 12,000 freikorps units l backed by Wolfgang kapp took over Berlin
Generals Von Seeckt and Ludendorff remained non-committal but sympathised with the units
Only didn’t succeed as people within Berlin went on strike because when ebert sent troops to stop them, they replied “troops do not fire on troops”

Question 2

Spartacis uprising 1919. 5th January

Answer 2

Rosa Luxembourg and Karl liebknecht start left wing uprising in Berlin, similar to balshevick.
Occupy public buildings and newspaper offices
Poorly prepared however and hadn’t secured majority of wc in Berlin whose name they were fighting for
Ebert’s freikorps easily disbanded but did so brutally causing divisions on the left

Question 3

How many Political assassinations between 1919-1923

Answer 3

376
22 by left
354 by right
10 left wing murderers sentenced to death
Only one right wing severely punished

Question 4

What was the organisation consul

Answer 4

Ultra-nationalist paramilitary group formed from ex-freikorps members after failed kapps putch

Question 5

Death of Walter Rathneau. 24 June 2022

Answer 5

Jewish leading minister in republican government
Killed by organisation consul
Shot at in open top car and threw a grenade for good measure all for his crimes, “being a Jew”
Over 700,000 protesters in Berlin next day
Mark fell abroad

Question 6

What changed with votes in January 1919-June 1920

Answer 6

Although Spd still most popular
Far left / right groups increase in popularity,
Centre groups lose popularity

Question 7

How did the left wing try to cause risings

Answer 7

Strikes in March 1921, saxony Hamburg and the Ruhr. Risings were crushed and 145 people weee killed
Striked again in 1923, but that too was crushed

Question 8

What happened in Beer hall putch in Munich
8th November 1923

Answer 8

Hitler and Hindenburg burst into a beer hall where von Kahr and Avon Lossow were speaking to 2000 men
Said the revolution has begun
Von kahr and Von lossow agreed to March with Hitler round Berlin with the sa with Lundendorff as the new commander in chief
The SA failed to take over the army barracks ruining Hitler’s plan
Hitler carried on with the March the next day
Eventually stopped by armed police

Question 9

Chancellor Feb 19-June

Answer 9

Cheidemann

Question 10

June1919-march20

Answer 10

Gustav Bauer SPD

Question 11

March 1920-June 1920

Answer 11

Hermann Muller SPD

Question 12

June 1920-October 22

Answer 12

Joseph wirth centre

Question 13

November 1922 - august 1923

Answer 13

William cuno. No party

Question 14

August 1923-November

Answer 14

Gustav stresserman. Dvp

Question 15

November 1923

Answer 15

Wilheim Marx centre

Question 16

What law was set in July 1922

Answer 16

Reichstag passed a law for the “protection of the republic” enforcing much harsher punishment for those attempted or conspiring murder on a political opponent
Didn’t work as the judges meant to enforce it were right wing sympathisers
Disbanded organisations consul

Question 17

Hugo Haase assassination 1919

Answer 17

Right wing republicans often formed patriotic leagues made up of freikorps and regular army members.
Shot Hugo Haase infront of the Reichstag in 1919 for being a member of the USPD and former member of the Council of People’s commissars

Question 18

Assassination of Erzberger

Answer 18

Murdered for sighting the treaty of Versailles

Question 19

How did seats between 1919-1920 change

Answer 19

Spd still most popular but went from 163-103
Centre dropped 91-64
USPD gained 22-83
Dvp 19-65
Dnvp 44-71
Centre parties lost out while far left and right wing parties gained due to their being such instability. Problem as these parties would refuse to join coalitions