Political Ideologies and Beliefs/Policy (Unit 4)

Question 1

Political Culture

Answer 1

Widely shared political beliefs and values held by citizens of a society.
For example: individual liberty

Question 2

Civic Duty

Answer 2

The belief that one has a responsibility to be involved in political affairs, such
as voting

Question 3

Political Efficacy

Answer 3

A belief that one’s voice can affect government policies

Question 4

Individualism

Answer 4

The idea that each person has significance, worth, and rights that exist
independently from the government

Question 5

Equality of Opportunity

Answer 5

The principle that each person is guaranteed the same chance
to succeed

Question 6

Limited Government

Answer 6

The government is restrained in their lawful use of power and may
only exercise those powers assigned to it in the Constitution

Question 7

Free Enterprise

Answer 7

An economic system that is based upon private ownership, individual
initiative, profit, and competition

Question 8

Political Socialization

Answer 8

Process by which political views and values are passed on to
younger generations

Question 9

Public Opinion

Answer 9

Citizens’ attitudes about societal and political issues, leaders, and events

Question 10

Poll

Answer 10

A survey of public opinion.

Question 11

Random Sample

Answer 11

Method of selecting individuals from a population in which each
person has an equal probability of being selected

Question 12

Sampling Error

Answer 12

The margin of inaccuracy that results from polling a random sample as
opposed to the entire population

Question 13

Exit Polls:

Answer 13

Polls based on interviews conducted on Election Day with randomly selected
voters

Question 14

Political Ideology

Answer 14

A set of beliefs about the role of government and public policy

Question 15

Liberal

Answer 15

Ideological view that favors greater government involvement regarding the
economy, social welfare, and equality; and a progressive view regarding social values.

Question 16

Conservative

Answer 16

Ideological view that favors limited government involvement, fewer
economic regulations, and traditional social values.

Question 17

Libertarian

Answer 17

Ideological view that favors limited government involvement in all areas,
from economic regulations to social values

Question 18

Keynesian Economics

Answer 18

The belief that the government must manage the economy by
spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

Question 19

Supply-Side Economics

Answer 19

The belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will
stimulate the economy.

Question 20

Fiscal Policy

Answer 20

Managing the economy by the use of tax and spending laws.

Question 21

Monetary Policy

Answer 21

Managing the economy by adjusting the supply of money and interest
rates; responsibility of the Federal Reserve.

Question 22

Federal Reserve

Answer 22

This regulatory commission is the central banking system of the
United States

Question 23

Mandatory Spending

Answer 23

Spending that has been written into law that the government
must pay out each year

Question 24

Discretionary Spending

Answer 24

Spending not required to pay for interest on the national debt
or entitlement programs; can be adjusted from year to year

Question 25

Budget Deficit

Answer 25

The annual shortfall between what the government has spent in one
year’s time and what they have collected in taxes.

Question 26

National debt

Answer 26

The total amount the U.S. government owes from the foundation of the
country to the present.

Question 27

Surplus

Answer 27

An excess in revenue after all expenses have been paid in a fiscal year

Question 28

Entitlements

Answer 28

Programs individuals are eligible for when they meet certain pre-
established eligibility requirements.