Political Ideologies

Question 1

What is the state of nature ?

Answer 1

The answer to what life was like before society

Question 2

What is a social contract ?

Answer 2

Giving up individual freedoms to an authority

Question 3

What are the laws under a social contract ?

Answer 3

Natural law and Legal law

Question 4

Who believed that Liberalism was ‘the end of history’ ?

Answer 4

Francis Fukuyama

Question 5

Define Classical Liberalism

Answer 5

Limited govt; stays out of economy and social life

Question 6

Define American Liberalism

Answer 6

Govt stays out of social life but is involved in the economy

Question 7

What are the two core beliefs of Liberalism ?

Answer 7

Liberty and Equality

Question 8

Liberals support the free market; true or false ?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the Liberal view on religious freedom ?

Answer 9

They believe in religious freedoms

Question 10

What are the religious roots of Liberalism ?

Answer 10

Reformation (15th/16th century) and the Enlightenment (mid 17th century)

Question 11

Which revolutions did Liberalism inspire ?

Answer 11

American and French

Question 12

Liberalism is based on individual free will - true or false ?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What was John Locke’s view on the state ?

Answer 13

Govt by consent
Rejected ‘divine right of kings’

Question 14

What was John Locke’s view on the state of nature ?

Answer 14

Underpinned by natural laws and rights
More optimistic view

Question 15

What was Thomas Hobbes’ view on the state of nature ?

Answer 15

‘Nasty, brutish and short’

Question 16

What was John Locke’s view on society ?

Answer 16

Social Contract - citizens accept state rulings, the govt improves society
‘That with which man has mixed with his labour’

Question 17

What is the Mechanist Theory ?

Answer 17

The idea that humans are rational and have the ability to think about the state in which they live in
Rejects the idea of the ‘divine right of kings’

Question 18

What was Rousseau’s view on the state of nature ?

Answer 18

Humans are good and peaceful

Question 19

What is the general Liberal view on the state of nature ?

Answer 19

Optimistic
Rejects the idea of Original Sin
Humans can bring about progress
Humans are guided by reason/rationality

Question 20

What is Egotistical Individualism ?

Answer 20

Humans for their own advancement (self fulfilling)

Question 21

What is the general Liberal view of society ?

Answer 21

Emphasis on the individual
Life was peaceful before society
Humans are rational in their pursuit of self interest
Right to property

Question 22

What is individualism ?

Answer 22

The belief that the individual should be the primary focus of political, social and economic thought

Question 23

What is the general Liberal belief on the economy ?

Answer 23

Private property - natural right
Supports capitalism

Question 24

Who believed in the idea of ‘wealth of nations’ ?

Answer 24

Adam Smith

Question 25

Hobbes promoted a strong authority for govt, true or false ?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the general Liberal view of the state ?

Answer 26

-Individualism and capitalism are central to a liberal state
-Formal structure to secure natural rights

Question 27

What would a Liberal state reject in a ‘traditional state’ ?

Answer 27

Monarchy and absolutism

Question 28

How would a Liberal state promote tolerance ?

Answer 28

“I detest what you say bu will defend unto your death your right to say it.” Voltaire
Tolerance until it violates the harm principle

Question 29

Liberals believe individuals seek communities, true or false ?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Define meritocracy

Answer 30

Individuals who have proved they are fit to govern through their own talent

Question 31

What is foundational equality ?

Answer 31

Individuals have equal natural rights and have equal value

Question 32

Liberals believe that individuals do not have the ability to prove their own potential, true or false ?

Answer 32

False