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History English Civil War 1601-1701 > Political factors > Flashcards

Political factors Flashcards

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1
Q

What is divine right?

A

A theory of government that a monarch receives right to rule directly from God and not from the people

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2
Q

Which countries was Charles 1 king of?

A
  • England
  • Scotland
  • Ireland
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3
Q

Did Charles 1 believe in divine right of kings?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Was Charles 1 an absolute ruler?

A

No he was restricted due to Parliament

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5
Q

When did Charles 1 become king?

A

27th March 1625

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6
Q

What was a problem for Charles when he ascended the throne?

A
  • His father had fought with Spain. Parliament had granted taxes to fund it but wanted to discuss strategy (starting to challenge)
  • Troops poorly equipped and bad weather and disease
  • James died before he heard the news of failure so Charles had to deal with the consequences
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7
Q

Who was Charles 1 married to?

A

Henrietta Maria of France

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8
Q

What does impeachment mean?

A

A charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office

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9
Q

What does Arminian mean?

A

Of or relating to Arminius or his doctrines opposing the absolute predestination of strict Calvinism

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10
Q

What power did Parliament have?

A
  • Main source of power was money. King generally had to get parliaments permission to raise taxes.
  • Did generally grant the Kings taxes only once they had said their grievances
  • James 1 only called Parliament 4 times in 22 years and had a poor relationship with it
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11
Q

What were the main 3 functions of parliament?

A
  • Taxation
  • Impeachment
  • Defence of common laws
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12
Q

Why did Charles relationship with parliament got off to bad start?

A
  • Commons refused to grant Charles right to collect an excise tax.
  • Mps suggested that a grant should be made for a year Parliament would be called regularly
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13
Q

Why were Parliament suspicious of Charles ‘Arminian’ tendencies?

A
  • Offering a position in court and he promoted the Arminian clergy
  • Difference in religion made people suspicious
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14
Q

How did foreign affairs contribute to the problems between Charles and Parliament?

A
  • Planned war had failed in Spain with poorly trained and equipped badly troops.
  • Parliament wanted to impeach Buckingham but Charles dissolved them
  • Plague 1625
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15
Q

Why did Charles’s ‘forced loan’ further deteriorate their relationship?

A

He can get money without Parliament so he wouldn’t need to call Parliament

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16
Q

What grievance did the 1628 Parliament prioritise and what document did they produce to address it?

A
  • Petition of rights which addressed that citizens would not have to pay forced loan
  • Imprisoned without trial
  • No free lodging for soldiers
  • 5 knights arrested for not paying forced loan
17
Q

How did Charles deal with the petition of rights?

A

Published a revised version of petition that asserted his right to do this without Parliament grant

  • Accepted it but his written reply didn’t use correct words so not lawful status
  • House of commons insisted correct form eventually gave it
  • Reaction concerned commons so made more direct statement 3 resolutions (March 1629)
18
Q

What happened to Buckingham and why did this lead to tension between King and Parliament?

A

Buckingham was assassinated on the 23rd August 1628 by a disgruntled discharged navy officer called John Felton in Portsmouth.

MPs celebrated and public celebrated with bonfires

19
Q

What happened to the speaker in 1629 when he tried to adjourn Parliament?

A
  • Day of adjournment group of MPs led by Denzil Holles and Sir John Elliot demanded the passing of 3 formal resolutions against growth of Arminianism.
  • Speaker refused to delay it and they held him in his chair
20
Q

What were the conditions of the petition of rights 1628?

A
  • No taxation without Parliament consent
  • No imprisonment without cause shown
  • No billeting of soldiers or sailors upon householders without their will
  • No martial law to punish ordinary offences by sailors or soldiers
21
Q

when did Charles announce the dissolution of parliament?

A

10th March 1629

Didn’t call another until 1640

Known as personal rule

22
Q

How did Charles raise money during his personal rule?

A
  • Forest laws
  • Selling monopoly
  • Knighthood fines
  • Ship levy
  • Fine people who had over £40 who didn’t attend his coronation
23
Q

What changes did Charles make to the church during the personal rule?

A
  • William Laud archbishop of canterbury
  • Restored churches to better quality (glorify god) more decorated
  • More money spent on bishops/ priests robes
  • Moved alter away + roped it off

this made him look catholic with more ‘fancy’ changes

24
Q

Which people opposed the reforms of the personal rule?

A
  • John Pym
  • John Hampden
  • Burton
  • Bastwick
  • Prynne
25
Q

What happened to Burton, Bastwick and Prynne?

A
  • Ears chopped off
  • Branded on the cheeks
  • Imprisoned
26
Q

what had the presbyterians replaced their bishops with?

A

Lay Elders

27
Q

What changes did Charles make to the Scottish kirk?

A
  1. Introduced a book of canons instructing clergy to set out churches in a set way and introducing English practices
  2. Introduced the English prayer book (1637) leading to a riot in Edinburgh and the scots setting up a national covenant
28
Q

Why did Charles rely on poorly trained militias during the First bishops war?

A

Didn’t have enough money to pay professionals

29
Q

what treaty did Charles sign to end the First bishops war as he knew he was going to lose?

A

Treaty of Berwick in 1639

30
Q

When was short parliament called and how long did it last?

A
  • April 1640
  • Dissolved after only 3 weeks
31
Q

What battle did Charles lose against the scots and what did it result in?

A
  • Battle of Newburn
  • Treaty of Ripon in October. Had to pay Scots £850 a day while they occupied Newcastle

History English Civil War 1601-1701 (1 decks)

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