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History - America > Political Development 1 (1865-1890) > Flashcards

Political Development 1 (1865-1890) Flashcards

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1
Q

Which branch of government could override President Johnson’s vetoes of the Radical Republican’s initiatives?

A

The Legislative branch - Congress

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2
Q

Why did the Senate fail to impeach President Johnson?

A

They needed 1 more vote to convict Johnson - but his power to hinder radical reform was diminished

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3
Q

What were Carpetbaggers?

A

Northerners who came to the south for political and economic reasons. They were considered corrupt who used Reconstruction to advance their own personal interests.

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4
Q

Who didn’t support the Radical Republicans?

A

WASPS and the KKK

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5
Q

What did the Radical Republicans aim to do?

A

To intervene and design laws which protected the emancipated blacks.

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6
Q

Name 2 Radical Republicans

A

Representative Thaddeus Stevens
Senator Charles Sumner

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7
Q

How many more votes did Ulysses Grant win with in 1868?

A

300,000 more votes for Republicans

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8
Q

By 1869 which party was in control in all 3 branches of the federal government?

A

Republican Party

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9
Q

What year was President Grant re-elected in?

A

1872

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10
Q

Who were the political opposition of the Republicans during the reconstruction period?

A

The Democratic ‘Redeemers’

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11
Q

Who were the violent opposition of the Republicans during the Reconstruction period?

A

The ‘White terrorists’

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12
Q

Give 2 examples of increasing violence against African Americans in the USA

A

1868 - 1000 freedmen killed in Louisiana
1873 - Colfax Massacre - 150 freedmen killed

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13
Q

When did the Federal troops intervene with lynchings in Louisiana?

A

1874

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14
Q

What was the Amnesty Act of 1872?

A

It allowed ex-confederates to return to their political lives.

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15
Q

What happened in 1873 which weakened Ulysses Grant’s presidency?

A

The 1873 Financial Panic (stocks and shares plummeted)

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16
Q

What scandals did Grant face from 1869-1870?

A
  • 1869 - Black Friday Gold Scandal
  • The Railroad Speculation Scandal
  • The Tweed Ring NYC operated Democratic political corruption under Grant’s nose in the 1870s and looted $45 million from the state.
17
Q

Who won the election of 1876?

A

Following the corrupt and fraudulent election in 1876 a commission was launched to decide who won the election. Republican Rutherford B Hayes (Governor of Ohio) was chosen by the Congressional Committee over Democrat Samuel Tilden (Governor of NYC).

18
Q

What was the Compromise of 1877?

A

President Hayes offered to remove Union troops from Confederate states and in return the Confederate states would recognise him as the President despite his potential lack of mandate.

19
Q

How was President Hayes viewed?

A

Decent president, stayed for 1 term but was a weak President

20
Q

Who was Hayes opposed by?

A

Republican Stalwarts - who advocated for African Americans rights and did not approve of Hayes’ lenient approach towards the Confederate states.

21
Q

What were Half-Breeds and who did they support?

A

They were another faction within the Republican party who support James G. Blaine. They were known as ‘half breeds’ as they strayed away from Stalwarts orthodoxy.

22
Q

Who won the election in 1880? When was he assassinated?

A

James Garfield won by 10,000 votes and was assassinated in 1881 and his vice president Chester Arthur became President.

23
Q

Who won the 1884 election?

A

Grover Cleveland (Democrat)

24
Q

Who was elected as President in 1888?

A

Benjamin Harrison (Republican)

25
Q

What year was Grover Cleveland re-elected in? Why?

A

1892 as he promised to keep tariffs.

26
Q

What 2 things did President Benjamin Harrison introduce?

A

War pensions
McKinley Tariff (1890)

27
Q

State 5 US Presidents that used ‘pork barrel’ politics?

A

President Hayes
President Garfield
President Arthur
President Cleveland
President Harrison

28
Q

What are ‘pork barrel’ politics?

A

Passing laws to reward supporters

29
Q

How did Congress respond to corrupt politics in 1890?

A

Sherman Anti-Trust. It ensured fair competition and stopped monopolies of industry.

30
Q

Summarise Political Development between 1865 and 1890

A

2 party’s had developed
The identity and ideology of the Republican and Democrats had developed
The American political system was still not yet fully formed
Politics very much was reacting to huge economic and social changes

History - America (7 decks)

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