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History - America > Political Development 1 (1865-1890) > Flashcards

Political Development 1 (1865-1890) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the executive branch? What’s is their responsibility?

A

President - To enforce the laws

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2
Q

What is the legislative branch? What is their responsibility?

A

Congress - To create laws

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3
Q

What is the judicial branch? What is their responsibility?

A

The Supreme Court - To interpret the Constitution

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4
Q

When was the Reconstruction Period?

A

1865 to 1877

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5
Q

When did the Civil War end? Who was successful?

A

The Union (Northern states) won the US Civil war on the 9th April 1861 - Lincoln assassinated a week later.

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6
Q

Who took over presidency after Lincoln (15th April 1865)?

A

Andrew Johnson - Lincoln’s vice president

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7
Q

What were black codes?

A

Laws passed in separate states to enforce segregation.

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8
Q

What was the first state to institute laws that abolished African American’s full civil rights?

A

Mississippi

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9
Q

When was the Freedman’s Bureau passed? And when was its power renewed?

A

It was passed on March 3rd 1865 and renewed in 1866.

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10
Q

Evidence suggesting aiding African Americans was not at the foresight of President Johnson

A

Johnson used his presidential veto against the renewal of the Freedman’s Bureau and the introduction of the Civil Rights Act in March 1866.

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11
Q

What was the de’facto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which granted African American’s equal citizenship to white people?

A

The de’facto was that many states had black codes which led to black Americans being treated as second-class citizens.

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12
Q

What civil liberties did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 outline?

A

All citizens had the right to:
Make contracts
Own and sell property
Receive equal treatment under the law

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13
Q

Who came to power in the election of 1866? What was their aim?

A

The Radical Republicans - their aim was to punish the South

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14
Q

Which branch of government could override President Johnson’s vetoes of the Radical Republican’s initiatives?

A

The Legislative branch - Congress

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15
Q

Why did the Senate fail to impeach President Johnson?

A

They needed 1 more vote to convict Johnson - but his power to hinder radical reform was diminished

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16
Q

What were Carpetbaggers?

A

Northerners who came to the south for political and economic reasons. They were considered corrupt who used Reconstruction to advance their own personal interests.

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17
Q

Who didn’t support the Radical Republicans?

A

WASPS and the KKK

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18
Q

What did the Radical Republicans aim to do?

A

To intervene and design laws which protected the emancipated blacks.

19
Q

Name 2 Radical Republicans

A

Representative Thaddeus Stevens
Senator Charles Sumner

20
Q

How many more votes did Ulysses Grant win with in 1868?

A

300,000 more votes for Republicans

21
Q

By 1869 which party was in control in all 3 branches of the federal government?

A

Republican Party

22
Q

What year was President Grant re-elected in?

A

1872

23
Q

Who were the political opposition of the Republicans during the reconstruction period?

A

The Democratic ‘Redeemers’

24
Q

Who were the violent opposition of the Republicans during the Reconstruction period?

A

The ‘White terrorists’

25
Q

Give 2 examples of increasing violence against African Americans in the USA

A
  • 1868 - 1000 freedmen killed in Louisiana
  • 1873 - Colfax Massacre - 150 freedmen killed
26
Q

When did the Federal troops intervene with lynchings in Louisiana?

A

1874

27
Q

What was the Amnesty Act of 1872?

A

It allowed ex-confederates to return to their political lives.

28
Q

What happened in 1873 which weakened Ulysses Grant’s presidency?

A

The 1873 Financial Panic (stocks and shares plummeted)

29
Q

What scandals did Grant face from 1869-1870?

A
  • 1869 - Black Friday Gold Scandal
  • The Railroad Speculation Scandal
  • The Tweed Ring NYC operated Democratic political corruption under Grant’s nose in the 1870s and looted $45 million from the state.
30
Q

Who won the election of 1876?

A

Following the corrupt and fraudulent election in 1876 a commission was launched to decide who won the election. Republican Rutherford B Hayes (Governor of Ohio) was chosen by the Congressional Committee over Democrat Samuel Tilden (Governor of NYC).

31
Q

What was the Compromise of 1877?

A

President Hayes offered to remove Union troops from Confederate states and in return the Confederate states would recognise him as the President despite his potential lack of mandate.

32
Q

How was President Hayes viewed?

A

Decent president, stayed for 1 term but was a weak President

33
Q

Who was Hayes opposed by?

A

Republican Stalwarts - who advocated for African Americans rights and did not approve of Hayes’ lenient approach towards the Confederate states.

34
Q

What were Half-Breeds and who did they support?

A

They were another faction within the Republican party who support James G. Blaine. They were known as ‘half breeds’ as they strayed away from Stalwarts orthodoxy.

35
Q

Who won the election in 1880? When was he assassinated?

A

James Garfield won by 10,000 votes and was assassinated in 1881 and his vice president Chester Arthur became President.

36
Q

Who won the 1884 election?

A

Grover Cleveland (Democrat)

37
Q

Who was elected as President in 1888?

A

Benjamin Harrison (Republican)

38
Q

What year was Grover Cleveland re-elected in? Why?

A

1892 as he promised to keep tariffs.

39
Q

What 2 things did President Benjamin Harrison introduce?

A

War pensions
McKinley Tariff (1890)

40
Q

State 5 US Presidents that used ‘pork barrel’ politics?

A

President Hayes
President Garfield
President Arthur
President Cleveland
President Harrison

41
Q

What is ‘pork barrel’ politics?

A

Passing laws to reward supporters

42
Q

How did Congress respond to corrupt politics in 1890?

A

Sherman Anti-Trust. It ensured fair competition and stopped monopolies of industry.

43
Q

Summarise Political Development between 1865 and 1890

A
  • 2 party’s had developed
  • The identity and ideology of the Republican and Democrats had developed
  • The American political system was still not yet fully formed
  • Politics very much was reacting to huge economic and social changes

History - America (3 decks)

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