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Nazi Germany > political and governmental change > Flashcards

political and governmental change Flashcards

1
Q

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor of the Weimar Republic?

A

30 January 1933

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2
Q

How did the burning down of the Reichstag in feb 1933 help Hitler to consolidate his control in Germany?

A
  • Nazis got credit for catching supposed communist arsonist
  • Nazis able to stir up anti communist propaganda
  • Hitler persuades Hindenburg to declare a state of emergency
  • Hitler banned the communists while able to rule by decree
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3
Q

What were the results of the March 1933 election?

A

NSDAP won 288 seats

– support of DNVP and abolition of KPD gave them majority

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4
Q

What was the enabling act (passed in Reichstag on 23 March 1933)?

A

-Gave Hitler total power to rule by decree for four years

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5
Q

when were trade unions abolised?

A

May 2 1933
leaders sent to concentration camps
German Labour Front (DAF) formed

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6
Q

when did Hitler abolish all political parties except for the NSDAP?

A

July 14 1933

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7
Q

When was the Night of the Long knives?

A

June 30 1934

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8
Q

What was the Night of the Long knives? (1934)

A
  • violent arrest and execution of politcal opponents by SS and Gestapo
  • ex’chancellor Von Schleicher murdered
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9
Q

When did President Hindenburg die?

A

August 1934

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10
Q

When did the army swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler?

A

August 1934. Hitler now supreme commander of the armed forces

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11
Q

How many laws did the Reichstag pass 1934-45?

A

7 laws

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12
Q

If not the Reichstag, who made and enforced the laws?

A

The Nazi Government

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13
Q

Why did Hitler keep much of the existing bureaucracy of the previous Weimar Government?

A
  • civil service already purged of Jews and political opponents in 1933
  • Many government clerks already Nazis
  • Non-Nazi minister provided useful level of continuity
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14
Q

Why was the power of the previous Weimar ministers limited? (1933-4)

A
  • Not all ministries had the same amount of power

- New organisations operated alongside the old

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15
Q

Give an example of a new ministry Hitler set up (1933-4)

A

The Reich Propaganda ministry

headed by Joseph Goebbels

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16
Q

Why was it useful to Hitler that the responsibilities of ministries were not clear? (1933-4)

A
  • distracts potential opponents
  • spirit of competition between ministries
  • consolidates allegiance to Hitler
17
Q

What was the principle of Volksgemeinschaft?

A

advocated “people’s community”

working together for the common good

18
Q

How was leadership defined under the Nazi regime?

A

fuhrerprinzip
strict hierarchical order
at each level there was someone in charge who reported to the level above - restricts initiative

19
Q

Who were the decision makers in Nazi Government?

A

Those personally loyal to Hitler were given more responsibility, helping Hitler preserve his authority

20
Q

How did Hitler prevent opposition groups from forming within the centeral government of Nazi Germany?

A

Abolished cabinet meetings, to prevent people from forming factions
ministers worked individually and sent draft laws to each other on paper
only 4 meetings in 1936

21
Q

How was the administration of the Nazi regime organised?

A

still largely done by the civil service under their new minister William Frick
Frick’s civil service often came in to conflict with Fuhrer chancellery and so were overruled

22
Q

How did Hitler centralise the governance and administration of Nazi Germany?

A

Against division in to Lander, so Lander stripped of many powers from 1933.
30 January 1934, Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich terminated them entirely

23
Q

How did Hitler ensure that the Nazis were firmly in control of political matters in Nazi Germany?

A
  • Gestapo
  • SS
  • “Peoples courts”
  • Concentration camps
24
Q

What were the main roles of the SS?

A
  • gathering intelligence
  • policing (Gestapo)
  • Military action
  • Germanisation - creating a “New Order” in occupied territories
25
Q

How much did the SS grow in size between 1933 and 1939?

A

1933- 52,000

1939-250,000

26
Q

What were the main roles of the Gestapo?

A
  • find and arrest Nazi opponents
  • Rely on informers and blockwardens for info
  • uphold regime using surveillance and oppression
27
Q

How many concentration camps were established between 1933 and 1945?

A

20,000

28
Q

How did the Nazi regime change the nature of gov from the Weimar Republic?

A
  • power in fuhrer not people
  • centralised governance
  • importance of German nation (Volksgemeinschaft)
  • Bill of rights dismantled. Tight levels of pol and soc control by Nazi regime
  • -> Gestapo, peoples courts etc
29
Q

How did the Nazi regime continue the nature of gov from the Weimar Republic?

A

-systems of governance from WR maintained - reichstag, cabinet and ministers, civil service institutions, traditional court systems

30
Q

Who gained more control during the years of the second world war?

A

SS took over morwe gov administration and numbers rose to over a million. SS ran ‘racial policy’ of eliminating non-Aryans

31
Q

What happened to governance at the regional level during ww2?

A
  • 13 military districts formed. Ran home front activities e.g. civil service, rationing and volkssturm
32
Q

What was the Volkssturm?

A

Nazi home guard, formed in October 1944. Recruits boys, old men and those physically unfit for army

33
Q

How did the structure of government change during the war?

A
  • armed forces given a ministry each to deal with supplies, troops etc.
  • 1939, Ministerial Council for the Defence of the Reich established to coordinate domestic wartime efforts. Chaired by Goering. Disbanded by Hitler within two months.
34
Q

How did the Nazis administer the new territory they took over during the war?

A
  • governance increasingly decentralized
  • 11 Reichsgau set up to oversee Germanisation
  • Gauleiters became increasingly powerful.
35
Q

How many prisoners were held in concentration camps during the war?

A

1939- 25,000

1945- 714,211

36
Q

Why did the Nazi’s begin to lose control during the war?

A
  • invasion of USSR failed, forced to fight on two fronts
  • USA joined war in 1941
  • Rationing increased. Standards of living decreased. More opposition.
  • 1944 allied forces began to take acquire German-occupied territory

Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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