Poliomyelitis

Question 1

Polio Description

Answer 1

Infection caused by enterovirus90-95% of cases are inapparent4-8% non specific illness1-2% get paresis or paralysis due to CNS infectionMotor neurons dieMuscle fibers loss neural inputMuscle atrophy occurs, resulting in weakness

Question 2

Gradual Recovery

Answer 2

Occurs due to resolution of dysfunction of partly damaged motor neuronsReinnervation of denervated motor units by surviving motor units

Question 3

Presentation

Answer 3

Classic lower motor neuron syndromeWeaknessMuscle wastingHyporeflexia - below normal or absent reflexesAffects lumbar area more than cervical or cranial nervesSensory loss is rareAffected limb may not grow normally

Question 4

Post polio syndrome

Answer 4

Symptoms experienced by polio survivors > 15 years after initial illnessDiagnosis of exclusion

Question 5

New symptoms of fatigue, weakness, and pain

Answer 5

Weakness in previously affected or unaffected musclesJoint and muscle pain, overuseCold intoleranceCrampsBreathing and swallowing difficultiesDecreased function

Question 6

Cause

Answer 6

Premature aging of damaged motor neurons or because of increased metabolic demandsLoss of muscle fibersNormal AgingDisuse/Overuse

Question 7

Treatment

Answer 7

Non-fatiguing exercise as toleratedEnergy conservationSymptomatic treatment of painBracing and assistive devices as necessary