Poliomyelitis Flashcards
What is the causative agent of Poliomyelitis?
Legio Debilitants (virus)
Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus that leads to various forms of paralysis.
It causes also flaccid paralysis
What is the incubation period for Poliomyelitis?
7-21 days
This is the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms.
How is Poliomyelitis primarily transmitted?
Fecal-oral transmission
The virus spreads through contaminated food and water.
What are the two types of Poliomyelitis?
- Minor: Subclinical and Abortive
- Major: Non-paralytic and Paralytic
Minor types have less severe symptoms compared to major types.
What are the signs and symptoms of minor Poliomyelitis?
- Subclinical: asymptomatic
- Abortive: lasts for 72 hours, low-grade fever, sore throat
These symptoms indicate a mild form of the disease.
What is a pathognomonic sign of major non-paralytic Poliomyelitis?
Hoyne sign: head lag, stiffness of the neck
This sign is indicative of the condition.
What is the tripod position associated with?
Asymmetric paresis and paresthesia
This position is often adopted by patients with certain types of paralysis.
What are the diagnostic tests for Poliomyelitis?
- Stool exam
- Muscle grading
- Lumbar tap/Puncture
- Electromyelogram
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and assess muscle function.
What is the main treatment for respiratory depression in Poliomyelitis?
Iron lung machine
This device assists patients with respiratory failure.
What is the role of Bethanicol Chloride in Poliomyelitis management?
Avoids/prevents respiratory depression and urinary retention
This medication is crucial for managing complications.
What are the two types of vaccines for Poliomyelitis?
- OPV (Sabin) → oral
- IPV (Salk) → injected
Vaccination is key for prevention of the disease.
Fill in the blank: The _______ sign is associated with major non-paralytic Poliomyelitis.
Hoyne
This sign is a clinical indicator of the disease.
True or False: Bulbar paralysis affects the brainstem.
True
Bulbar paralysis involves cranial nerves and can lead to severe complications.
What happens in spinal paralysis due to Poliomyelitis?
Affects anterior horn cells or spinal cord; extremities affectation (uni or bilateral), intercostal muscles (diaphragm) cannot expand
This can lead to unilateral or bilateral paralysis.
What is the role of Pleconaril in Poliomyelitis treatment?
Inhibits viral entry to the nervous system
This antiviral medication helps in managing the infection.
What are enteric precautions for Poliomyelitis prevention?
- Proper disposal of feces
These practices help reduce the risk of transmission.
What is affected in bulbospinal paralysis?
It’s a combination of the bulbar and spinal paralysis
Other term for poliomyelitis
Heineken-medin disease
Infantile paralysis
What is affected in bulbar paralysis?
Brain stem affectation
What specific cranial nerves are affected in bulbar paralysis?
Cranial nerve IX and X
If CN IX is affected, what happens?
Loss of swallowing reflex
If CN X is affected, what happens?
Respiratory and cardiac arrest
How to grade muscle in muscle grading?
Kapain ang left and right muscles
In electromyelogram, if there is still muscle activity, this means
The client is not yet paralyzed
Nursing management for vasodilation
Warm compress
Don’t massage
Bed: firm or soft
Firm
Nursing management for respiratory depression
Iron lung machine
