Policy Tools Flashcards
What are the traditional policy tools
Command and control which divides into tech based or performance based
What is command and control
It is an approach to public policy where the gov (or political authority) mandate socially desirable behaviour into the low and use enforcement to get people to obey
What is the dominant method for reducing pollution in most countries
command and control
Types of command and control law
Licensing procedures, prohibitions, emissions limit values and administrative orders and sanctions
What is a performance standard
A rule which sets a constraint on some performance criterion and then allows people/companies to choose the best means of achieving it.
What is a technology standard
a rule which dictates certain decisions and techniques to be used, such as particular equipment or operating practices to be used by polluters.
Give an example of performance standards
Emission standards because they refer to end results that are meant to be achieved by the polluters who are regulated.
Give an example of technology standards
catalytic converters
Why are tech and performance standards popular
They appear simple and direct
set clearly specified targets
appeals to our ethical stance that pollution is bad and should be limited
makes polluter responsible for reducing their externality impact
give regulators a degree of positive control
