Policy to Safeguard the Food Supply

Question 1

1884 Bureau of Animal Industry Established in USDA

Answer 1

First step in separation of regulatory responsibility between USDA and FDA

Question 2

1906 Upton Sinclair publishes

Answer 2

The Jungle Exposing adulteration of meat in Chicago

Question 3

1906 Federal Meat Inspection Act

Answer 3

This gave USDA authority to inspect meat, forbade adulteration or misbranding

Question 4

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 4

This prohibited movement in interstate commerce of adulterated or misbranded food. In addition, the “burden of proof” that a particular ingredient was harmful was place on the government rather than the manufacture. No mandatory factory inspections

Question 5

1910 Insecticide Act

Answer 5

This prevented the sale of improperly labeled pesticides

Question 6

1937 Elixir of Sulfanilamide

Answer 6

Containing poisonous solvent (diethylene glycol) kills 107 people, mostly children, causing a public outcry and the impetus to pass a new stronger law

Question 7

1938 Est 25% of all foodborne illness associated with milk

Answer 7

Included typhoid fever, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, Diphtheria. Today, <1% of foodborne illness are associated with milk. Illnesses increasing in states that allow sale of raw milk

Question 8

Mexico has banned what

Answer 8

Biotech corn an glyphosate with a claim that they are not safe to consume. The US has filed a complaint

Question 9

describe Food Toxicology

Answer 9

This principle postulates that all chemicals are toxic at some dosage. Importantly, it also postulates that all chemicals are safe at some dosage… it depends on dosage toxicity

Question 10

Describe Precautionary Principle (PP)

Answer 10

Food products or ingredients should not be approved without many years (70?) of testing of ‘guarantee’ safety

Question 11

Describe opportunity cost

Answer 11

The loss of potential gain from delays in decision making. By delaying needed technological advances, people can suffer- ex: golden rice

Question 12

What are guiding principles

Answer 12

Adulteration and misbranding

Question 13

Food laws are not proactive but a response to what?

Answer 13

An incident

Question 14

DSHEA revered 1958 food additive amendments which put burden on manufacturer when…?

Answer 14

Regulating dietary supplements (now buyers beware)

Question 15

Globalization is intended to

Answer 15

Drive policy but bad behavior remains - Ex: Mexico’s ban on GMO corn

Question 16

The precautionary principle

Answer 16

is a failed approach that uses safety as a mask for economic protectionism