Policy Process: Implementation

Question 1

def. policy implementatiooin

Answer 1

phase when decisions are translated into administrative action through specific administrative procedures and financial instruments

KEY MOMENT
when the decision adopted (on paper) become part of (social and political) reality

KEY ACTORS
Elected politicians (Government)
Bureaucracy
(in Europe:) Interest Groups and social movements

Question 2

What is an implementation gap and how can it be explained?

Answer 2

lack of correspondence between adoption and implementation (especially complex when multiple layers of governments are involved)

low-administrative capcities
inadequate policy design (wrong diagnosis during formulation)
inadequate timing (right diagnosis but wrong timing

Question 3

Why is multilevel-governance difficult?

Answer 3

fit/misfit
multiple veto points (both political and bureaucratic)
different (low vs. high) administrative capacities, and cultures

Question 4

What are the multiple governmental layers in the EU?

Answer 4

European Council
European Commission
European parliament