Policy Development: Individualistic Theories Flashcards
What are the 4 aspects of individualistic theories?
Psychoanalysis, Token Economies, Aversion therapy, CBT
What theories are psychoanalysis linked to?
Freuds personality theory
Differential Association
Bowlby
Is psychoanalysis informal/formal?
Informal
Is psychoanalysis a form of crime control or state punishment?
Crime Control
What is psychoanalysis based on?
Freuds theory of personality and the need to develop the superego to curb instincts of the id, ego and superego
What does the treatment involve to resolve
Resolving the unconscious and repressed emotions - which are linked to criminality - of the id into the conscious mind
What does the treatment involve (how they are treated)
The patient lays down on a couch facing away from the analysist to use hypnosis and free association (getting them to say the first word which comes to mind associated with the subject) and were also employed as part of the treatment programme which would occur up to 5 times a week for numerous years
Who did a study for psychoanalysis?
Aichhorn
What did Aichhorn use the psychoanalytic treatment for?
Helping to create policies dealing with young offenders in institutions. Replacing the harsh environment with a more pleasant one enabling the development of the superego.
What did Aichhorn believe about the absence of uncaring nature had an effect on?
The absence of a parent of an uncaring nature have significant impact on the development of the superego due to the lack of ‘socialisation’ and meaningful relationships. By creating the meaningful relationship with the subject in a pleasant environment (superego will develop)
What theory/theories is Aichhorns study associated with?
Differential Association
Bowlby
Is psychoanalysis formal or informal?
Informal
Is psychoanalysis a form of crime control or state punishment?
Crime Control
What are the 4 limitations of psychoanalysis?
- Not favoured due to cost and time consuming process (+ineffective)
- Works as well as other psychotherapy treatments which cost less + take less time
- Cause psychological trauma
- 44% of psychoanalysis had neurosis improvement whilst 72% improved in hospitals and GPs
What is a token economy?
Desirable behaviours are reinforced with tokens after late exchanged with rewards