Policy and Law

Question 1

What is the FFDCA

Answer 1

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

Question 2

What was the purpose of FFDCA?

Answer 2

Establishes the tolerance of pesticides for food and feed products.

Question 3

What was the purpose of the Federal Insecticide Act?

Answer 3

Protected farmers from fraudulent products. Only applied to fungicides.

Question 4

What was the Pesticide Amendment to the Pure Food Law?

Answer 4

Prevents contamination of foods with pesticides.

Question 5

What is FIRFA?

Answer 5

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

Question 6

What was the Miller Amendment to the FFDCA?

Answer 6

Set a tolerance level for pesticides in raw food and feed products.

Question 7

What is the purpose of FIFRA?

Answer 7

Regulate the distribution, sale, and use of pesticides.

Question 8

What is a section 3 label?

Answer 8

-Needed for all pesticides sold and used based on EPA.
-Costs about half a billion dollars for a new label.
-Chemicals are selected, trials begin, the patent gets filed with EPA, takes 5-10 years until full approval.
-Over 200 toxicological tests are done before approval.
Most flexibility

Question 9

What is a section 24c registration?

Answer 9

-Special Local Need
- application to the pesticide regulatory authority in the state
-must have section 3 on another site
-if used on food or feed, it must have a tolerance or an exemption from EPA
-state approval, then EPA approval
-5 yr limit

Question 10

What is a section 18 label?

Answer 10

-Emergency use label
-Case by case, emergency pest situation
-Starts with section 18 committee, goes to ADAI, then EPA for final approval
-Registrant has no involvement
-Product does not have to be registered, can be under development
-Must have a permanent or temporary tolerance or exemption
-Only used for 1 season and is time limited
-Detailed records must be kept and turned into EPA by ADAI
-Emergency must be declared by Commissioner of Agriculture
-only small areas, Not whole state
-Difficult to obtain

Question 11

What is the purpose of the Worker Protection Standards?

Answer 11

Protect workers, handlers of pesticides, and laborers

Question 12

What places do Worker Protection Standards apply to

Answer 12

Farms, Forests, Greenhouses, and Nurseries

Question 13

What is a RUP?

Answer 13

Restricted Use Pesticide

Question 14

RUP information

Answer 14

-Records must be kept for 2 years
-EPA registration number
-Legal or USDA designated farm number
-Amount of AI/A

Question 15

What is an example of an emergency notification?

Answer 15

Notifying an official when a spill occurs.
There is no punishment if reported, but if not reported there can be hefty fines and possible jail time.

Question 16

Clean Air Act

Answer 16

Set emission standards for cars, also limits for release of air pollutants.

Question 17

Clean water act

Answer 17

Set maximum amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways.
Aims to make surface water swimmable and fishable.

Question 18

Endangered Species Act

Answer 18

Identifies threatened and endangered species in the US.
Puts their protection above economic considerations.

Question 19

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Answer 19

Management of non hazardous and hazardous solid waste including landfills and storage tanks.
Set minimal standards for all waste disposal facilities and for hazardous wastes.

Question 20

What is toxicity determination?

Answer 20

EPA uses pure toxicant, regulated by the EPA. Animal testing is done on white rats, mice, rabbits, and beagles.

Question 21

Chronic studies

Answer 21

Long term effects of the chemicals are tested.

Question 22

Acute Oral Toxicity

Answer 22

-Done with rats
-Tube is inserted into their stomach to feed the toxicant and is fed in diet over a period of time.

Question 23

Inhalation toxicity

Answer 23

done on all animals
-basically a gas chamber

Question 24

LD50

Answer 24

Lethal dose of a toxin to kill 50% of the test population
-white rat is the standard
-mg/kg= ppm

Question 25

What does the EPA require when it comes to toxicity testing?

Answer 25

1) oral LD50
2) dermal LD50
3) LC50- lethal concentration–respiratory hazard

Question 26

Acute toxicity

Answer 26

How LD50’s relate to human toxicity.
the result of a one time exposure of relatively short duration.

Question 27

Conversion of LD50 to amount to kill 154lb man.

Answer 27

Multiply by 70: 10 mg/kg* 70. 700mg/70kg person.

Question 28

What is ALD?

Answer 28

Average lethal dose
It is estimated from accidental deaths from humans.

Question 29

Chronic Toxicities

Answer 29

Dose response curve
-data from chronic studies are plotted.
-3 parts

Question 30

What are the three parts of the dose response curve.

Answer 30

1) Threshold- dose produces on detectable effect
2) ED- increases with increasing dose until max effect. (point EPA uses to establish tolerance)
3) Ceiling- no effect as dose increases

Question 31

What is a tolerance?

Answer 31

Allowable residue (amount of ppm) of a pesticide that is safe for human consumption.
-100 fold
ex) 100 ppm/ 100= 1 ppm tolerance

Question 32

EPA toxicity class 1

Answer 32

LD50 of 0-50mg/kg
-signal words: Danger- poison, highly toxic

Question 33

EPA toxicity class 2

Answer 33

50-500mg/kg
-Warning- moderately toxic

Question 34

EPA toxicity class 3

Answer 34

500-5000mg/kg
- Caution- slightly toxic

Question 35

EPA toxicity class 4

Answer 35

> 5000mg/kg
-Caution

Question 36

What are signal words

Answer 36

required by EPA,
tells the toxicity of pesticide

Question 37

Danger-poison

Answer 37

Associated with highly toxic products
-corrosive
or highly irritating
-SKULL AND CROSSBONES
-Takes a teaspoon or less to kill

Question 38

Warning

Answer 38

Moderately toxic
-teaspoon-ounce to kill

Question 39

Caution

Answer 39

Slightly toxic
-greater than an ounce

Question 40

PPM

Answer 40

Part per million

Question 41

PPB

Answer 41

part per billion

Question 42

PPT

Answer 42

part per trillion