Policy and Law Flashcards
What is the FFDCA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
What was the purpose of FFDCA?
Establishes the tolerance of pesticides for food and feed products.
What was the purpose of the Federal Insecticide Act?
Protected farmers from fraudulent products. Only applied to fungicides.
What was the Pesticide Amendment to the Pure Food Law?
Prevents contamination of foods with pesticides.
What is FIRFA?
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
What was the Miller Amendment to the FFDCA?
Set a tolerance level for pesticides in raw food and feed products.
What is the purpose of FIFRA?
Regulate the distribution, sale, and use of pesticides.
What is a section 3 label?
-Needed for all pesticides sold and used based on EPA.
-Costs about half a billion dollars for a new label.
-Chemicals are selected, trials begin, the patent gets filed with EPA, takes 5-10 years until full approval.
-Over 200 toxicological tests are done before approval.
Most flexibility
What is a section 24c registration?
-Special Local Need
- application to the pesticide regulatory authority in the state
-must have section 3 on another site
-if used on food or feed, it must have a tolerance or an exemption from EPA
-state approval, then EPA approval
-5 yr limit
What is a section 18 label?
-Emergency use label
-Case by case, emergency pest situation
-Starts with section 18 committee, goes to ADAI, then EPA for final approval
-Registrant has no involvement
-Product does not have to be registered, can be under development
-Must have a permanent or temporary tolerance or exemption
-Only used for 1 season and is time limited
-Detailed records must be kept and turned into EPA by ADAI
-Emergency must be declared by Commissioner of Agriculture
-only small areas, Not whole state
-Difficult to obtain
What is the purpose of the Worker Protection Standards?
Protect workers, handlers of pesticides, and laborers
What places do Worker Protection Standards apply to
Farms, Forests, Greenhouses, and Nurseries
What is a RUP?
Restricted Use Pesticide
RUP information
-Records must be kept for 2 years
-EPA registration number
-Legal or USDA designated farm number
-Amount of AI/A
What is an example of an emergency notification?
Notifying an official when a spill occurs.
There is no punishment if reported, but if not reported there can be hefty fines and possible jail time.
Clean Air Act
Set emission standards for cars, also limits for release of air pollutants.
Clean water act
Set maximum amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways.
Aims to make surface water swimmable and fishable.
Endangered Species Act
Identifies threatened and endangered species in the US.
Puts their protection above economic considerations.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Management of non hazardous and hazardous solid waste including landfills and storage tanks.
Set minimal standards for all waste disposal facilities and for hazardous wastes.
What is toxicity determination?
EPA uses pure toxicant, regulated by the EPA. Animal testing is done on white rats, mice, rabbits, and beagles.
Chronic studies
Long term effects of the chemicals are tested.
Acute Oral Toxicity
-Done with rats
-Tube is inserted into their stomach to feed the toxicant and is fed in diet over a period of time.
Inhalation toxicity
done on all animals
-basically a gas chamber
LD50
Lethal dose of a toxin to kill 50% of the test population
-white rat is the standard
-mg/kg= ppm
