Policy and conventions Flashcards
(75 cards)
Habitats directive creates what policy?
SAC
How do you achieve international cooperation
United nations
In the decades following ww2 who had the biggest off-shore fishing fleet in the world?
Hull and grimsby
What did Iceland expand in 1958?
Iceland expanded exclusive fishing rights to 12 nautical miles excluding UK boats
What did Iceland claim in 1972?
Iceland claimed exclusive extended their rights out to 50 nm
What did Icelands extension out to 50nm lead to?
Conflicts between the Royal Navy and Icelandic boats
In 1975 how many NM did Iceland unilaterally increase to?
200nm
What did UNCLOS establish in 1982?
EEZ and defined territorial rights
What caused UNCLOS to form?
Fisheries disputes (cod war), risk of military conflict in offshore areas, integrated management of the ‘high seas’, rights to free transit passage in territorial water and obligation to protect the marine environment
What is Natural England?
An executive non-departmental public body (NDPB)
Who is NE sponsored by?
DEFRA
What is NE’s role?
To support the governments wider strategic policies and fulfil the aims and objectives set for us by DEFRAs secretary of state
What are NE responsibilities?
Help protect wildlife and landscapes, advising on the protection of the marine environment in inshore waters (0-12nm), improving public access to the coastline, managing 140 national nature reserves, providing planning advice and wildlife licences through the planning system, help restore or recreate wildlife habitats, providing evidence to help make decisions affecting the natural environment
What is a convention?
An international agreement between a number of countries, dealing with a specific subject of common concern
What is the Bern convention?
The convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats
When was the bern convention brought in?
1982 in switzerland
Where does the bern convention come into play in the uk?
Uk meets its obligations by means of the Birds directive and habitats directive
What is the Bonn convention?
The convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS)
When was the Bonn convention brought in?
1985 (worldwide convention)
What is the OSPAR convention?
The convention for the protecting of the marine environment of the North-east Atlantic
When was OSPAR ratified?
1998
What conventions did OSPAR replace?
Oslo convention and paris convention hence OsPar
What is the Ramsar convention?
the convention on wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat
When was the Ramsar convention ratified?
1975