Policy Analysis PPT 1 Flashcards
It is, in general, what the
government, acting on our behalf, chooses to
do or not to do (Birkland, 2016)
➢Public policy
➢Embodied through a law, regulation, [court]
ruling, decision, or order, or combination of
these (Ibid)
Public Policy
What are the ATTRIBUTES OF POLICY
(BIRKLAND, 2016:17)
- Policy is made in response to some sort of problem that requires
attention. - Policy is made on the “public’s” behalf.
- Policy is oriented toward a goal or desired state, such as the
solution of a problem. - Policy is ultimately made by governments.
- Policy is interpreted and implemented by public and private actors.
- Policy is what the government chooses to do or not to do.
public policy is authoritatively
determined, implemented, and enforced based on the
interaction among government institutions (3 branches)
Institutionalism
no policy should be adopted if its costs
exceed its benefits; among policy alternatives, decision
makers should choose the policy that produces the
greatest benefit over cost
Rationalism
existing programs and policies are
considered as bases for future action; involves minimal
modifications
Incrementalism
individuals with common interests band
together formally or informally to press their demands on
government; politics is really the struggle among groups
to influence public policy
Group Theory
public policy may also be viewed as the
preferences and values of a governing elite; public
officials and administrators merely carry out the policies
decided on by the elite
Elite Theory
actors seek to maximize their
personal benefits in politics as well as in the marketplace
(economic benefits/well-being)
Public Choice Theory
the study of decisions in
situations in which two or more rational
participants have choices to make and the
outcome depends on the choices made by
each
Game theory
the major
policy-makers of the State
➢Senators/House Representatives
interprets the law promulgated
by the legislature (constitutional or unconstitutional)
➢Justices/judges
wields the veto power (general or line-
item veto); can issue Executive Orders
➢President
tasked to promulgate
IRRs
➢Administrative bodies
a collection of people or
organizations that unite to advance their desired
political outcomes in government and society
➢Interest groups
a political party or an organized
group of persons duly registered with the COMELEC
pursuing or advocating platform, principles and
policies for the general conduct of government which
usually participates in elections
➢Political parties
Independent research
organizations, sometimes ideologically neutral
but often identified with a particular political
perspective (e.g. liberal/conservative)
➢Think tanks
news outlets/organizations, TV
channels (both government and non-
government)
➢Mass media
LAW-MAKING PROCESS IN THE
SENATE
- Filing/Calendaring for First Reading
- First Reading
- Committee Hearings/Report
- Calendaring for Second Reading
- Second Reading
- Voting on Second Reading
- Voting on Third Reading
- Referral Back to the Senate
- Submission to Malacañang
LAW-MAKING PROCESS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
- Preparation of the Bill
- First Reading
- COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION/ACTION
- Second Reading
5.Third Reading - TRANSMITTAL TO SENATE
It is constituted and is composed of
Members from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or
thresh out differences
Conference Committee
two steps are required before a bill becomes a law.
First, it must be approved by both Houses of Congress.
Second, it must be presented to and approved by the President.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
the President has the power to return proposed laws to
the House where such proposal originated (“I forbid”).
TRUE
Accountability of Public Officers &
Investigations (Blue Ribbon)
SEN. FRANCIS TOLENTINO
Accounts
SEN. NANCY BINAY
Agriculture, Food and Agrarian Reform
SEN. CYNTHIA VILLAR
Banks, Financial Institutions and
Currencies
SEN. MARK VILLAR
Basic Education
GATCHALIAN
Civil Service, Government
Reorganization and Professional Regulation
REVILLA
Constitutional Amendments and
Revision of Codes
PADILLA
Cooperatives
IMEE MARCOS
Cultural Communities and Muslim Affairs
PADILLA
Culture and the Arts
LEGARDA
Economic Affairs
POE
Electoral Reforms and People’s
Participation
IMEE MARCOS
Energy
TULFO
Environment, Natural Resources and
Climate Change
VILLAR, C.
Ethics and Privileges
BINAY
Finance
ANGARA
Foreign Relations
MARCOS
Games and Amusement
LAPID
Government Corporations and Public
Enterprises
(CAYETANO, ALAN)
Health and Demography
BONG GO
Higher, Technical and Vocational
Education
(ESCUDERO)
Justice and Human Rights
TOLENTINO
Labor, Employment and Human
Resources Development
(ESTRADA, JINGGOY)
Local Government
EJERCITO
Migrant Workers
TULFO
National Defense and Security, Peace,
Unification and Reconciliation
ESTRADA
Public Information and Mass Media
PADILLA
Public Order and Dangerous Drugs
(DELA ROSA)
PUBLIC SERVICES
POE
PUBLIC WORKS
REVILLA
RULES
VILLANUEVA
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(CAYETANO, ALAN)
Social Justice, Welfare and Rural
Development
IMEE MARCOS
Sports
BONG GO
Sustainable Development Goals,
Innovation and Futures Thinking
CAYETANO, PIA
Tourism
BINAY
Trade, Commerce and Entrepreneurship
MARK VILLAR
Urban Planning, Housing and
Resettlement
EJERCITO
Ways and Means
GATCHALIAN
Women, Children, Family Relations and
Gender Equality
HONTIVEROS
Youth
ANGARA
- the study of the causes and consequences of policy decisions (Craft & Furlong, 2017:45)
-the use of reason and evidence to choose the best policy
among a number of alternatives - encourages deliberate critical thinking
POLICY ANALYSIS
refer to the product or outcome of the analytical
process
POLICY ANALYSIS
systematic evaluation of the technical and
economic feasibility and political viability of
alternative policies (or plans or programs),
strategies implementation, and the consequences
of policy adoption
POLICY ANALYSIS
It is, in a sense, only part of a
larger policy planning process
POLICY ANALYSIS
the breaking
up of a policy problem into its
component parts,
understanding them, and
developing
Analysis
- the historical analysis of past policies or the
evaluation of a new policy as it is implemented
1.1. (focus on program evaluation; Were the
purposes of the policy met?)
1.2. (the description and interpretation of past
policies; What happened?)
- Descriptive
1.1. Evaluative
1.2. Retrospective
- conducted prior to the implementation of policies
2.1. Predictive – projection of future states resulting from
adopting particular alternatives
2.2. Prescriptive – type of analysis that recommends actions
- Prospective
2.1. Predictive
2.2. Prescriptive
a researcher with excellent
analytical skills but few political skills who would
“rather be right than on time”
Technician
analyst-turned-bureaucrat striving for
personal advancement who is more attuned to
politics than analysis
Analyst
highly skilled both analytically and
politically (“knows how to work with numbers and
people”)
Entrepreneur
addresses an
important problem in a logical, valid,
replicable manner, and provides
information
good policy analysis
STEPS IN POLICY-MAKING PROCESS
Under pressure from organized interests,
elected and appointed officials place
problems on the governmental agenda.
AGENDA-SETTING
Officials formulate alternative policies to deal with a problem
POLICY FORMULATION
A policy is adopted with the support of a
legislative majority, consensus among age
agency directors, or a majority court
decision
POLICY ADOPTION
An adopted policy is carried out by administrative units that mobilize financial
and human resources to implement the
policy
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
Auditing and accounting units in
government determine whether
executive orders, legislative acts,
and court decisions are in
compliance with statutory
requirements and realizing their
objectives
POLICY ASSESSMENT
Adjustment of policies on account of
ambiguity, insufficient resources,
and inadequate
capacities/capabilities of offices to
implement such policy
POLICY ADAPTATION
Agencies responsible for evaluating
policies determine that a policy is no
longer needed because the problem
has been resolved (objectives are
redefined, policy is continued)
POLICY SUCCESSION
A legislative committee responsible
for evaluation and oversight of
agencies determines that a policy
should be repealed or terminated
because it is no longer needed.
POLICY TERMINATION
