Policitemia Flashcards

1
Q

Policitemia

A

Eritrocitos altos
Hematocrito >54% hombres
Hematocrito >47% mujeres

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2
Q

Hematocrito normal

A

Hombres 50%
Mujeres 45%

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3
Q

Como obtengo la hb a partir del Hematocrito

A

Divido Hematocrito entre 3

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4
Q

Consecuencias de Hematocrito >50%

A

Disfunción cardiaca
Obstrucción vascular

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5
Q

Consecuencias de Hematocrito >60% y hb de 20

A

Hipoxia

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6
Q

Clasificación de la policitemia

A

Relativa
Absoluta

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7
Q

Policitemia relativa o Sx de Gaisbock

A

Aumento del Hematocrito
Pérdida de volumen sanguíneo
No hay disminución de eritrocitos

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8
Q

Causa del Sx de Gaisbock

A

Deshidratación (hemoconcentracion)

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9
Q

Tx Policitemia relativa

A

Hidratación

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10
Q

Policitemia absoluta

A

Aumento Hematocrito
Aumento eritrocitos
Primaria y secundaria

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11
Q

Policitemia absoluta primaria vera

A

Enfermedad neoplasica de células pluripotenciales de la médula ósea
Incremento de eritrocitos, leucocitos y plaquetas

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12
Q

Manifestaciones Policitemia Vera

A

Aumento volumen sanguíneo
Aumento de la viscosidad
Hipertensión
Apariencia pletórica
Hipermetabolismo
Comezón y dolor en manos y pues
Cianosis uniforme

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13
Q

Complicaciones frecuentes de la Policitemia Vera

A

Tromboembolia
Hemorragia

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14
Q

Tx Policitemia Vera

A

Sangrías (flebotomía)
Disminuir viscosidad sanguínea
Cristaloide, antiagregantes plaquetarios y radioterapia

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15
Q

Viscosidad normal sangre

A

3 a 1 en relación al agua

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16
Q

Estímulos para producir eritrocitos

A

Hipoxia y anemia

17
Q

Causas de Policitemia absoluta secundaria

A

Aumento eritropoyetina
Hipoxia

18
Q

2 tipos de Policitemia secundaria

A

Fisiológica: vivir en grandes alturas >5000 (no tx)
Patológica: enf. que dan Hipoxia (tabaquismo, epoc, insuficiencia cardiaca)

19
Q

Factores que dan Hipoxia

A

Grandes altitudes
Enf cardiaca
Pulmonar crónica
Tabaquismo

20
Q

Recuento eritrocitico personas en grandes altitudes

A

6-7 millones/mm3

21
Q

Causas aumento eritropoyetina

A

Neoplasias
Hidronefrosis
Quistes renales

22
Q

Tx policitemia secundaria

A

Aliviar Hipoxia (oxigenar)
Ac. Acetilsalicílico (por riesgo trombos)
Tx cancer (por neoplasias)
Quitar quiste (quistes renales)