Policies

Question 1

The Ttipartite System (1944)

Answer 1

Education act of 1944 introduced secondary education for all, providing free education up to 15.

Grammar schools — only 20% pass 11+ and get in, academic students.

Secondary modern schools — manual work for failers of 11+, 75%.

Technical schools — vocational courses for specials who failed 11+, 5%

Question 2

The Tripartite system (1944) Evaluation

Answer 2

Reproduced class inequality — MC do better due to cultural background, not intelligence (afford tutors).

Discriminated against girls — require higher marks than boys to get into grammar.

Question 3

The Comprehensive system (1965)

Answer 3

Acknowledge tripartite reproduce class inequality so want to get rid.

One size fits all - equal opportunities
All children go to same school and schools upgraded to provide wide curriculum.

Question 4

Comprehensive system (1965) Evaluation

Answer 4

Continued to reproduce class inequality.
Streaming- MC higher streams than WC.
Labelling- teachers continue labelling WC negative.

Question 5

League Tables

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 5

Published in newspaper and online.
Ranked students in order of % of pupils obtaining 5 GCSE’s at C or above.
Creates competition as schools compete for best placement.
Encourages to raise standards.

Question 6

League Tables Evaluation

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 6

Led to A to C economy- schools concentrate on pupils perceived as having potential to meet these standards (students with potential) and forget about those who won’t (hopeless cases).

Question 7

OFSTED

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 7

Measure how schools perform and provide detailed report on success and areas for improvement.
Grade them on 1 (inadequate) to 5 (outstanding).

Helps parents make informed choice.
Creates competition as compete for better rating.

Question 8

OFSTED Evaluation

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 8

Getwitz found there are privileged choosers (MC) and disconnected choosers (WC). Because MC parents likely to know about OFSTED reports .

Question 9

Formula funding

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 9

Funding based on pupil numbers.
More popular school = more funding.

Encourages competition as schools need to raise standards to attract pupils and get funding.

Successful schools can invest in better facilities and unsuccessful schools can’t match and so find it harder to attract pupils- cycle continues.

Question 10

Formula funding Evaluation

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 10

Disadvantage those studying at underperforming schools- negative impact.

Question 11

Open enrolment

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 11

Parents given the right to send their child to school of their choice, rather than the nearest option -parentocracy.

Encourages competition- no guaranteed students.
Encourages raise standards- to attract pupils.
Shows meritocracy.

Question 12

Open enrolment evaluation

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 12

Myth of meritocracy- not all parents have same choice, MC can move house as afford

Question 13

National curriculum

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 13

Dictated what child was taught.
3 core subjects- English maths science

Includes history geography technology music art PE and a language.

Question 14

National curriculum Evaluation

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 14

One size fits all doesn’t recognise varying gifts of children

Question 15

Academies

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 15

For struggling schools in deprived areas.
Sponsored by businesses.
Free from local authority constraints.

Create diversity and choice- more options for parents.

Raise achievement of WC granting social mobility.

Question 16

Academies Evaluation

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 16

Privatising education- about the money not students

Question 17

Specialist schools

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 17

Secondary schools encourage to apply for specialist status.
2007- 85% were specialist.
Increased choice and raised standards.

Question 18

Specialist schools evaluation

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 18

Expansion meant selection was allowed- School can use some of the students, benefit MC.

Question 19

Faith Schools

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 19

Cater specifically for one faith.
Increase parental choice.
Provide diversity.

Question 20

Faith Schools evaluation

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 20

Segregate different faiths- lead to social tension.

Question 21

EMA

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 21

£30 per week for low income college students, encourages to stay in post 16 education.

Help with cost of books, transport and meals, provided had full attendance.
Bonuses if meet MTG.
Reduced class inequality.

Question 22

EMA evaluation

1997 New Labour Reforms

Answer 22

Money being miss spent
Not spent on education.

Question 23

English baccalaureate

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 23

Aimed at tackling rise in vocational subjects.
As well as core subjects- humanity and language required.

Restore high standards.

Question 24

English baccalaureate evaluation

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 24

Less academic students lose interest .
Skiving

Question 25

Academies

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 25

All publicly funded schools in England can become an academy.

Aim to increase standards and competition.

Question 26

Academies evaluation

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 26

More like businesses

Question 27

Increased tuition fees

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 27

University tuition fees increased £3000 to £9000.
The government lends students the money for fees.

Question 28

Increased tuition fees evaluation

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 28

Put off low income background students from going university

Question 29

Free schools

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 29

Set up and run by parents but funded directly by the state.

Improve standards by taking control away from the state and giving power to parents .

Question 30

Free schools evaluation

Conservative led coalition 2010

Answer 30

Allen found only benefits children from highly educated backgrounds