Policies Flashcards
The Ttipartite System (1944)
Education act of 1944 introduced secondary education for all, providing free education up to 15.
Grammar schools — only 20% pass 11+ and get in, academic students.
Secondary modern schools — manual work for failers of 11+, 75%.
Technical schools — vocational courses for specials who failed 11+, 5%
The Tripartite system (1944) Evaluation
Reproduced class inequality — MC do better due to cultural background, not intelligence (afford tutors).
Discriminated against girls — require higher marks than boys to get into grammar.
The Comprehensive system (1965)
Acknowledge tripartite reproduce class inequality so want to get rid.
One size fits all - equal opportunities
All children go to same school and schools upgraded to provide wide curriculum.
Comprehensive system (1965) Evaluation
Continued to reproduce class inequality.
Streaming- MC higher streams than WC.
Labelling- teachers continue labelling WC negative.
League Tables
1988 Education Reform Act
Published in newspaper and online.
Ranked students in order of % of pupils obtaining 5 GCSE’s at C or above.
Creates competition as schools compete for best placement.
Encourages to raise standards.
League Tables Evaluation
1988 Education Reform Act
Led to A to C economy- schools concentrate on pupils perceived as having potential to meet these standards (students with potential) and forget about those who won’t (hopeless cases).
OFSTED
1988 Education Reform Act
Measure how schools perform and provide detailed report on success and areas for improvement.
Grade them on 1 (inadequate) to 5 (outstanding).
Helps parents make informed choice.
Creates competition as compete for better rating.
OFSTED Evaluation
1988 Education Reform Act
Getwitz found there are privileged choosers (MC) and disconnected choosers (WC). Because MC parents likely to know about OFSTED reports .
Formula funding
1988 Education Reform Act
Funding based on pupil numbers.
More popular school = more funding.
Encourages competition as schools need to raise standards to attract pupils and get funding.
Successful schools can invest in better facilities and unsuccessful schools can’t match and so find it harder to attract pupils- cycle continues.
Formula funding Evaluation
1988 Education Reform Act
Disadvantage those studying at underperforming schools- negative impact.
Open enrolment
1988 Education Reform Act
Parents given the right to send their child to school of their choice, rather than the nearest option -parentocracy.
Encourages competition- no guaranteed students.
Encourages raise standards- to attract pupils.
Shows meritocracy.
Open enrolment evaluation
1988 Education Reform Act
Myth of meritocracy- not all parents have same choice, MC can move house as afford
National curriculum
1988 Education Reform Act
Dictated what child was taught.
3 core subjects- English maths science
Includes history geography technology music art PE and a language.
National curriculum Evaluation
1988 Education Reform Act
One size fits all doesn’t recognise varying gifts of children
Academies
1997 New Labour Reforms
For struggling schools in deprived areas.
Sponsored by businesses.
Free from local authority constraints.
Create diversity and choice- more options for parents.
Raise achievement of WC granting social mobility.
Academies Evaluation
1997 New Labour Reforms
Privatising education- about the money not students
Specialist schools
1997 New Labour Reforms
Secondary schools encourage to apply for specialist status.
2007- 85% were specialist.
Increased choice and raised standards.
Specialist schools evaluation
1997 New Labour Reforms
Expansion meant selection was allowed- School can use some of the students, benefit MC.
Faith Schools
1997 New Labour Reforms
Cater specifically for one faith.
Increase parental choice.
Provide diversity.
Faith Schools evaluation
1997 New Labour Reforms
Segregate different faiths- lead to social tension.
EMA
1997 New Labour Reforms
£30 per week for low income college students, encourages to stay in post 16 education.
Help with cost of books, transport and meals, provided had full attendance.
Bonuses if meet MTG.
Reduced class inequality.
EMA evaluation
1997 New Labour Reforms
Money being miss spent
Not spent on education.
English baccalaureate
Conservative led coalition 2010
Aimed at tackling rise in vocational subjects.
As well as core subjects- humanity and language required.
Restore high standards.
English baccalaureate evaluation
Conservative led coalition 2010
Less academic students lose interest .
Skiving
