Police Structure 1 Flashcards
history of police structure
began in the 11th century in early English society.
frankpledge
a peace system in old England
10 families formed a tithing with then grouped to form 100.
these hundreds were coalesced into shires (counties)
shire-reeve (now, sherrif) was the top law enforcer
13th century policing (statute of westminister)
constable watch system formed by Statute of Westminister
each parish consisted of constable + watchmen (unpaid)
modern policing (2 significant years)
military was used for policing until 1700s London: a police force emerged
1748 - Henry Fielding created professional enforcement organization
1829 - Sir Robert Peel passed the London Metropolitan Police Act, establishing 3000 personnel police force (BOBBIES)
** this type of policing spread through England, Australia, Canada, and the US.
four eras of policing
- pre-modern era (pre-1820)
- political era (1820-1940)
- professional era (1940-1980)
- community era (1980-present)
pre-modern era
First Nations people used shame and ostracism.
physical punishment and execution as consequence
1700s/1800s - English established constables and justices to maintain police.
occasional private policing.
political era(+ RCMP year)
local politicians established forces and frequently interfered with policing
PEEL MODEL was eventually implanted
NWMP (North West Mounted Police): established and became RCMP in 1920
patchwork of policing ensued.
professional era (TRADITIONAL MODEL)
objectivity and science, free from political influence
uniforms and vehicles were eventually provided
2015 RCMP SCC decision
community era
present-day function
you WANT to force citizen involvement by reporting crime
municipal policing values (3)
- maintain public order
- preventing and controlling crime
- provide community services
essential development of municipal policing development
- officers are separated from the community
police distribution in Canada
68,777 officers in Canada (2015)
67% were municipal
