Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester Fall 2023 > Poli. Inquiry & Analysis > Flashcards

Poli. Inquiry & Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Define Hypothesis

A

An educated guess —> shows process of prior analysis
can be tested (proven / disproven)
guided in theory
encompasses specific population/subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Thesis

A

A summary claim
argument/opinion/stance is being identified
guided in theory
addresses relationship
answers research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Theory

A

System of ideals of principles explaining something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Theory do for us?

A

It frames our way of thinking
Guide thesis and hypo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of how theory can be applied

A

Feminist theory v. Realist theory They both guide the way of thinking about one event but through specific lenses. When we are analyzing something we want to make sure we narrow our scope to analyze it appropriately for the purpose of the research.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Validity

A

To be correct/ satisfies the objecting (what is being measured)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reliability

A

to be tested consistently/ results are consisted every time its tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which is more important Validity or Reliability?

A

Validity is more important because if you have validity than you usually have reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conceptualization of variables (4 of them)

A

Independent
Dependent
Constant
Casualty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Independent Variable

A

Variable that changes
What you use to explain the dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Dependent Variable

A

Variable effected by the change
What you want to explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Constant Variable

A

Doesn’t change the value being measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Causality Variable

A

X and Y covary —> change in X —> change in Y
Change in X preceded Change in Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes a good RQ?

A

Never leading
Can be measured ( not a yes or no question)
Is specific where applicable (time, location, subjects/demographics, etc.)
Helps verify aspects of an existing/ build new theory
Addresses a problem
Clear variables (dependent and independent are being tested)
Passes “So What?” test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes a good Hypothesis?

A

Claim that isn’t stereotyping a specific group
Not too long
Not specific to one phenomenon
Based in theory (reasoning)
Speaks on a relationship (parties being compared (when we compare __&___, ___ is ___))
Can be measured with units
Empirical Statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Variables of Sampling

A

Know your population being tested (country, governments, land mass, demographics, etc.)

Random (based in probability or pattern) (every 9th person) /Non-Random Sampling (specific people in the population) (whichever is appropriate to the test)

Sample is based on a specific characterizing effecting dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 Comparative Methods

A

Most Similar Design & Most Different Design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Most Similar Design?

A

Compare similar cases to control for variance (e.g. economic devel)

Find control variables across similar countries to find which factors account for differences

Critique: need to be concerned about selection bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Most Different Design?

A

Similar outcomes from a wide range of cases

Takes different countries which demonstrate similar forms of outcome ( similar forms of freedom in a wide range of gov. systems)

Critique: may overgeneralize across societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Variation in Most Similar Design

A

Though similar cases are isolated, we explore the outcomes to explain how different outcomes occur

We control for variance

21
Q

Variation in Most Different Design

A

Through similar outcomes, we explore different cases (variation) to find an explanation for the similar outcomes

22
Q

What is Content Analysis?

A

Examination of a written or visual record to answer research questions

23
Q

Process of Content Analysis

A

Decide - what materials to analyze
Define- categories content being measured
Choose- recording unit
Devise- system of enumeration for contest

24
Q

Unit of analysis

A

Episodic
Running Record
Code Book
Personal Dataset v. Someone’s

25
Q

Categories of Content - What to Measure

A

Frequency
Intesity
Consistency

26
Q

Survey Design Question Wording

A

Clear and consistent forms of answering like in a liker-scale survey
Close ended questions
don’t use the world absolute or anything limiting like such
Only ask one question not two hidden in one

27
Q

Survey Design Question Ordering

A

Don’t make it too long
Offer balanced answering options (liker-scale)
Hold personal question till the end or not at all

28
Q

Assumptions of Surveys

A

That the participants are being honest and truthful
Participants and those analyzing the results have identified and limited their bias
fallacy —> the results from one community/group means the same for everyone

29
Q

Strengths of Surveys

A

Accessable generally - higher response rate
Can be efficient to collect data on large groups

30
Q

Limitations of Surveys

A

Because the answer options and questions are generic to apply to the population being surveyed, you can only make general assumption and risk developing ecological fallacy
require time to fulfill a good number of responses to then analyze
participants often can’t ask for clarification is a question is hard to answer —> affecting the results

31
Q

Mitigate Harm to Participants of Survey

A

Offer an incentive
Offer transparency
Offer option for anonymous answers

32
Q

Reliably & Validity of Surveys

A

Reliability: offered/conducted similarly/same every time & yield similar results (measured the same)
Validity: results should accurately measure and answer the objective at hand

33
Q

What is the purpose of Policy Paper/Program?

A

To provide a suggestion or plan and why best fit to the objective of the issue

34
Q

Who is the audience of a policy paper?

A

Investors, Sponsors, residents, state/gov. entities, local businesses, anyone in the area or who will be utilizing the space/service.

35
Q

How are research papers different?

A

Research paper- in-depth of one subject with no purpose of advising rather informing

Policy Paper- aims to advise

Research paper are a part of Policy Papers but not vice versa

36
Q

What is a Focus Group / Purpose?

A

more efficient way of collecting research
commonality among participants

37
Q

What types of questions are appropriate?

A

Open ended questions
Nothing supper personal/triggering
clear and never leading or stereotype
recognize bias in the interview and question being asked
Sensitive/appropriate to culture and language

38
Q

What sorts of ethical issues arise with research?

A

Transparency of why and where the information is going
confidentiality of participation
Informed consent but ability to back out at any time
Creating more distress among people

39
Q

How to conduct ethical research?

A

Formal permission
allow opt in or out
IRB
clear content and transparency
interview can end at any time needed

40
Q

What is a liker-scale survey?

A

1-strongly disagree
2-disagree
3-nutural
4-agree
5-stongly agree

41
Q

What is a stratified Sample?

A

sampling divides a population into specific groups relating to an interest and includes some members of all the groups.

42
Q

What is a Cluster Sample?

A

sampling begins by dividing a population into groups that often have a shared geographical location before choosing all members of random groups

43
Q

What is a Purposive Sample?

A

a group of non-probability sampling techniques in which units are selected because they have characteristics that you need in your sample

44
Q

What is an ecological fallacy?

A

occurs when one makes inferences about individual members based on aggregate or group-level data. It’s the opposite of the fallacy of composition. Just because a certain trend or characteristic is true for a group as a
Assuming every one is a specific way because in general the whole group displays something
Ex. Income Portland has a income of 40K but not every is making 40K
Ex. Housing price

45
Q

How to grow Reliability?

A

Never test once always more than once
Always test the same way, new population but never new population type
clear wording to avoid misinterpretation of question and answers

46
Q

How to grow Validity?

A

Questions being asked result in the measurement of similar data
Clear wording in questions
The population selection is appropriate to the objecting of the study
appropriate form of questioning

47
Q

What is a before and after design in pol. sci. research?

A

To research the effects of a new/specific variable/intervention
We are analyzing the outcome mainly
it evaluates effectiveness, influences, and changes within a setting or objective

48
Q

Define Case Study

A

analyze and test a theory through groups of shared patterns

49
Q
A

Semester Fall 2023 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions