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Poli > Poli > Flashcards

Poli Flashcards

1
Q

Equality of _____ (socialism)

A

Condition

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2
Q

Equality of _____ (Liberalism)

A

Satus

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3
Q

Tenets of Socialism

A 
Class
Equality of conditions
Collective Ownership
Materialism
Human Goodness
Change
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4
Q

Explanatory Function (Socialism)

A

Economic and class relations

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5
Q

Evaluative Function (socialism)

A

Sharpness of class divisions in Society

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6
Q

Orientative Function (Socialism)

A

Position in class structure

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7
Q

Programmatic Function (Socialism)

A

Bring about a classless society

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8
Q

Agent (Socialism)

A

Working Class

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9
Q

Goal (Socialism)

A

Fulfill Basic Needs

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10
Q

Obstacle (Socialism)

A

Capitalism

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11
Q

Plato’s precursor to socialism

A

Ruling class and sharing

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12
Q

What is human history to Hegel?

A

Becoming more free and gaining awareness of that freedom

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13
Q

Ideas and ideals clash; new ideas emerge

A

Hegel Dialectic

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14
Q

What is actual is rational and…

A

What is rational is actual

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15
Q

• Slave wants master to recognize his humanity but if the master does he cannot still be a master. Master can never achieve humanity because his recognition comes from someone who is not an equal. Master is less free than slave

A

Lord and Bonsman/ Master and Slave dialectic

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16
Q

Materialist conception of history

A

Struggle of classes

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17
Q

Forced to sell labour; stifled creativity, workers detached from one another, loss of power to create and enjoy beauty

A

Alienation (Marx)

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18
Q

When can true freedom exist for Marx?

A

Classless society

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19
Q

System that legitimizes and justifies the arrangements and institutions of that society (Marx

A

Ideological superstructure

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20
Q

Means of Labour ( marx)

A

Material forces of production

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21
Q

Subject of labour (Marx)

A

Relations of production

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22
Q

What does the working class suffer from that means they will not rebel according to Marx?

A

False Consicousness

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23
Q

2 Things Engels thought differently than Marx

A

Scientific Socialism

Materialism

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24
Q

Chief driving force of historical development (Lenin)

A

Class Struggle

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25
Q

Purpose of Vanguard (Lenin)

A

Educate workers

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26
Q

(Lenin) Relation must exist between workers and _____

A

Peasents

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27
Q

(Lenin) Socialism in one country leads to ______

A

Messianism

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28
Q

Internal party democracy (Lenin)

A

Democratic centralism

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29
Q

Last or highest stage of capitalism (Lenin)

A

Imperialism

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30
Q

According to Lenin, what do the revisionist replace the centrality of class struggle with?

A

Political Freedom

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31
Q

(Stalin) The Communist party itself is infected with _____

A

False consciousness

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32
Q

To justify all of his policies, Stalin used the excuse of…

A

Dialectical Materialism

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33
Q

Braver to _____ than step forward (Stalin)

A

retreat

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34
Q

(Mao) Need to be ____ or the revolution will fail

A

violent

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35
Q

______ is reserved for imperialist dogs (Mao)

A

Benevolence

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36
Q

Why does the state exist? (Mao)

A

Re-educate

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37
Q

Transform counter-revolutionaries through _______

A

Forced Labour

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38
Q

Ideologically pure and correct (Mao)

A

Red

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39
Q

Emphasize increased agricultural and industrial production (Mao)

A

Expert

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40
Q

(Bernstein) 3 Avenues for socialism to succeed

A

Moral
Political
Economic

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41
Q

Who started the Independent Labour Party

A

J.S. Woodsworth

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42
Q

What did the Independent Labour Party Become?

A

CCF

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43
Q

Will not rest until capitalism is erradicated and replaced with socialist planning

A

Regina Manifesto

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44
Q

Free health care in Canada

A

Tommy Douglas

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45
Q

NDP Goal

A

Social Justice for the country

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46
Q

Who’s associated with the Third Way?

A

Tony Blair

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47
Q

Obstacle (Nationalism)

A

Foreign Domination

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48
Q

Agent (Nationalism)

A

The nation

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49
Q

Goal (Nationalism)

A

Independent Nation state

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50
Q

The attachment one feels for people who share commonalities; something a group shares which differentiates them from others

A

Ethnicity

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51
Q

What provides the strongest commonality for an ethnicity?

A

Overcoming Challanges

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52
Q

Nations and states should be coextensive in their boundaries: Their nation should have a state corresponding to it; and any state that does not express a nation or national idea is potentially illegitimate

A

Principles of Self-determination

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53
Q

2 Types of Nationalism

A

Ethnic and Communitarian Patriotic or Civic

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54
Q

First emphasized nationalism in a group instead of individual

A

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

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55
Q

Who believes individual finds meaning in their life from being connected to nation into which they are born?

A

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

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56
Q

Who said giving every nation their own state would lead to everyone being happy?

A

Mazzini

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57
Q

“Our struggle will be victorious, long live Quebec”

A

FLQ Manifesto

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58
Q

Obstacle (Fascism)

A

Humanism, equality, class, reason

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59
Q

Agent (Fascism)

A

Nation-state

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60
Q

Goal (Fascism)

A

Glory and power for the state

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61
Q

Explanatory Function (Fascism)

A

Heroes/Villains

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62
Q

Evaluative Function (Fascism)

A

Unity and strength of the volk

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63
Q

Orientative Function (Fascism)

A

The nation/people; organic

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64
Q

Programmatic Function (Fascism)

A

Believe, fight, obey; all within the state

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65
Q

Tenets shared by Liberals and Socialists

A 
1-	Humanism
2-	Rationalism
3-	Secularism
4-	Progressivism
5-	Universalism
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66
Q

Where does the word Fascism come from

A

Fasciare

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67
Q

What does fasciare mean?

A

To Fasten or Bind

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68
Q

Classless society is impossible due to historical, logical and bureaucratic realities in political life

A

Elitism

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69
Q

emotion, desire and instinct are more powerful and relevant actors than reason

A

Irrationalism

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70
Q

People are more often moved to action by political myths than by appeals to reason (torchlight parades)

A

Georges Sorel

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71
Q

(Fascism) Freedom to _____, to _____, to _____

A

fight, believe, obey

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72
Q

Fascist conception of freedom

A

Service is freedom

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73
Q

Fascist economic system

A

Corporatism

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74
Q

The true test of manly virtue (Mussolini)

A

War

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75
Q

Who said Race is an emotion?

A

Mussolini

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76
Q

Fascism + Racism=

A

Nazism

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77
Q

• Resources grow at an ever increasing genetic rate while resources grow at only a steady arithmetical rate

A

Malthus Law

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78
Q

Fuhrerprinzip

A

Leadership principle

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79
Q

Who came up with the concept of general will and an aversion to special interests that might challenge this

A

J.J. Rousseau

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80
Q

Name the ideology shaped by what it opposes.

A

Populism

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81
Q

Name one thing populism specifically dislikes

A

Intermediates

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82
Q

Tenets of Populism

A 
Equality of citizens
Direct democracy
The "people"
General will
Self-determination
Freedom
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83
Q

Agent (populism)

A

People

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84
Q

Goal (populism)

A

General Will

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85
Q

Obstacle (populism)

A

Self-interested

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86
Q

The progress of art and science has made life worse

A

First Discourse- Rousseau

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87
Q

Mankind began in a state of nature good and innocent. The advent of private property has distorted men to such a degree that there exists inequality

A

Second Discourse Rousseau

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88
Q

Rousseau’s solution to the plague of modernity

A

Social Contract

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89
Q

Opinion that exists within the population

A

Will of some

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90
Q

Minority or majority opinion

A

Will of all

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91
Q

What is best for citizenry

A

General will

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92
Q

Populism conception of freedom

A

Acting in a way that benefits the people; self-mastery of the people

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93
Q

Populists support these measures that empower people to formulate and express their will

A

Direct Voting

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94
Q

Which side of the spectrum did populism start in the US and Canada

A

Left

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95
Q

Explanatory (Populism)

A

Interest groups interrupt the general will from success

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96
Q

Evaluative (Populism)

A

If selfish interests are opposed, the people will be better off

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97
Q

Orientative (Populsim

A

Individual interests are tied to the general will

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98
Q

Programmatic (Populism)

A

Defeat special interests

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99
Q

Populism and the democratic ideal

A

Direct democracy as pure democracy

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100
Q

Political goal of early american populism

A

Direct election of senators

101
Q

Issues such as recall, the initiative and referendum would be supported by this ideology

A

Populism

102
Q

Tenets of Anti-Racism

A

Freedom (from oppression, segregation, etc.) & (For self-determination)

103
Q

/ Clause

A

3/5

104
Q

Ammendment that abolished slavery

A

13th

105
Q

Amendment that proclaims all person born in America are citizens?

A

14th

106
Q

Amendment that proclaims right to vote shall not be abridged by colour

A

15th

107
Q

“Separate but equal” laws

A

Jim Crow

108
Q

“What to the slave is the 4th of July?”-

A

Frederick Douglas

109
Q

Mixture of Islam and African Liberation

A

Militant Black Nationalism

110
Q

(Anti-racism) “By any means necessary”

A

Malcolm X

111
Q

Black segregation could be overcome by peaceful protest and non-violent means

A

MLK

112
Q

T or F: Religion is an ideology

A

F

113
Q

Radical belief in a literal interpretation of a holy text

A

Fundamentalism

114
Q

Pyramid of Fundamentalism- least number of people

A

Those who act

115
Q

Pyramid of Fundamentalism- Second least number of people

A

Those who believe but do not act

116
Q

Pyramid of Fundamentalism- Second most number of people

A

Those toying with the idea

117
Q

Pyramid of fundamentalism- Most number of people

A

Those who are faithful but not fundamentalist

118
Q

What were the laws god gave to moses?

A

The ten commandments

119
Q

What type of Judaic laws include having no other gods, honoring father and mother, not coveting, not making graven images?

A

Private

120
Q

What type of Judaic laws include no murder, no theft, no false witness

A

Public

121
Q

What type of Judaic laws include taking the lords name in vain, the sabbath, and adultery

A

Tension

122
Q

(St. Paul) It is ____ you are saved, not by works

A

Faith

123
Q

Agent (Islamic Fundamentalism)

A

Muslims

124
Q

Goal (Islamic Fundamentalism)

A

Establishing Islamic

125
Q

Obstacles (Islamic Fundamentalism)

A

Threats to Islam, Liberalism, Secularism, Modernity, Western economy/ Military, Israel as a US bation

126
Q

What does Jihad mean?

A

Struggle

127
Q

First wave of threat Islam

A

The crusades

128
Q

Second wave of threat to Islam

A

European Imperialism

129
Q

Third wave of threat to Islam

A

Establishment of Isreal

130
Q

Fourth wave of threat to Islam

A

Influence of Western liberal ideas

131
Q

What did Sayyid Qutb see when he went to America?

A

Racism, Sexism, Economic inequality, “sexual promiscuity”, national support for isreal

132
Q

Qutb says secularism is what?

A

Darkness

133
Q

What do Lenin, Mao and Qutb have in common?

A

Vanguard

134
Q

First of three-fold method of Islamicism

A

Attack other Muslims seen as betrayers

135
Q

Second of three-fold method of Islamicism

A

Use terror attacks against Western countries and their troops

136
Q

Third of three-fold method of Islamicism

A

Education- teaching in madrasses only the Qu’ran as the only necessary book

137
Q

What is the Islamic concept of freedom?

A

Submission to the will of Allah

138
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Submission

139
Q

According to Qatb, where do the signposts come from?

A

The Qu’ran

140
Q

Khomeini- The Qu’ran and _____ contain all laws and ordinances man needs in order to attain happiness and the perfection of his state.

A

The sunna

141
Q

(Khomeini) Tax policy is ____ of one’s income

A

1/5th

142
Q

(Khomeini) What system of laws should the world follow?

A

Shar’ia

143
Q

(Ayatollah) If a true Islamic government existed, than what would not exist?

A

A Jewish state

144
Q

According to Ayatollah, what must the executive of gov’t be?

A

Cleric (Imam)

145
Q

(Ayatollah) Gov’t in Islamic life is necessary for what?

A

Survival

146
Q

According to Osama Bin Laden, what is the aim of the US imperialists.

A

Economic and religious

147
Q

The ruling to kill the americans and their allies- civilians and military- is an individual duty for everyt muslim who can it in any country in which it is possible to do it

A

Fatwa

148
Q

For Augustine, how does the past exist?

A

The past does not exist, it is merely the memory of it.

149
Q

For Augustine how does the future exist?

A

Expectation of it

150
Q

For Augistine, what is time and where does it exist?

A

Subjective; in our own minds

151
Q

For Augustine where is god in relation to time?

A

Outside of time

152
Q

(Descarte) When does time begin and end?

A

When you think of it

153
Q

Who said if a tree exists in nature, and one one sees it or ever sees it, it doesn’t exist

A

George Berkley

154
Q

When did history end for Hegel?

A

19th Century

155
Q

For Hegel, when are people really free?

A

When they realize they are free.

156
Q

(Neitzhe) What are the people that are incapable of greatness, genius or exercise of human will to power?

A

The last man

157
Q

What is the theory that states whatever works is what is true?

A

Pragmatism

158
Q

Who said truths today might differ from tomorrow?

A

William James

159
Q

First reason ideology is not over

A

Our times are not the first when people claimed an end to ideology.

160
Q

Second reason ideology is not over

A

Even though Marxist leninism is dead, socialism continues to challenge conservatism and liberalism today. Debates remian both among and within ideologies

161
Q

Third reason ideology is not over

A

Instead of saying ideology is “dead”, others claim that one ideology is triumphant, namely liberalism.

162
Q

Fourth reason ideology is not over

A

Things will emerge new challenges to life that we cannot anticipate.

163
Q

For Fukyama, when is ideology over?

A

When mankind shares a common ideological heritage and reality

164
Q

What were the two challenges to liberalism in the 20th century for Fukuyama

A

Fascism and communism

165
Q

What are the two remaining challenges to ideology?

A

Religious Fundamentalism and Nationalism

166
Q

What is the end of political life for Marx

A

When the state withers away

167
Q

What does demos mean?

A

People

168
Q

What does Kratien mean?

A

Rule

169
Q

Who were considered to be able to vote in ancient Greece?

A

Free, adult male

170
Q

Who were not allowed to vote in ancient Greece?

A

Women, foreigners, and slaves

171
Q

What is the term for someone who constantly questioned and interrogated the beliefs of people

A

gadfly

172
Q

What did Plato think of human nature?

A

Ignorance and selfishness

173
Q

What did Plato think democracy was susceptible to?

A

Demagogues who might flatter and take conrol

174
Q

Aristotle thought governing power could be in the hands of the…

A

one, few or many

175
Q

When government is in the hands of one in the interest of public for Aristotle?

A

Monarchy

176
Q

When government is in the hands of one in the interest of self for Aristotle?

A

Tyranny

177
Q

When government is in the hands of the few in the interest of public for Aristotle?

A

Aristocracy

178
Q

When government is in the hands of many in the interest of public for Aristotle?

A

Polity

179
Q

When government is in the hands of the few in the interest of the self for Aristotle?

A

Oligarchy

180
Q

When government is in the hands of the many in the interest of the self for Aristotle?

A

Democracy

181
Q

For Aristotle, government is either _____ or ____

A

True or perverted

182
Q

How was the political power divided in Rome?

A

Assembly, senate and executive

183
Q

Who had power in the assembly in Rome?

A

The people

184
Q

Who had power in the senate in Rome?

A

The aristocrats

185
Q

Who had the executive power in Rome?

A

Consuls, two leader

186
Q

For Machiavelli, governments must be the rule of ____, not the rule of _____

A

Law; Individual

187
Q

Who originated liberal democratic theory?

A

Hobbes

188
Q

How did Hobbes divide power?

A

Executive, legislative, judicial

189
Q

For Liberal democracy, where does sovereignty rest?

A

The people

190
Q

whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force.”

A

Federalist 1

191
Q

Faction, channeling human nature. A cure for outright democracy

A

Federalist 10

192
Q

Government power arises from the people. Power held by popullar representatives. Representatives serve at the people’s pleasure

A

Federalist 39

193
Q

Ambition must be made to counteract ambition

A

Federalist 51

194
Q

Energetic Executive- president must be power, confident, secure, and possess a veto

A

Federalist 70

195
Q

What is the role of Government for Utilitarians?

A

Provide the greatest happiness to the great number of people?

196
Q

(Mill) Democracy has an ______ effect on one’s character

A

invigorating

197
Q

Who came up with Iron Law of Oligarchy?

A

Robert Michels

198
Q

Who does Robert Michel’s say must run all governments?

A

Elites

199
Q

What does Robert Michels say people wish to be and what do they have a psychological disposition to?

A

Governed; strong leadership

200
Q

What are Weber’s three forms of leadership?

A

Traditional, Legal-Rational and Charasmatic

201
Q

Who is Carl Schmitt?

A

Posed questions of democracy

202
Q

What form of government is Canada?

A

Constitutional Monarchy

203
Q

What form of Government is the US?

A

Constituitonal republic

204
Q

Who has the ultimate power in Canada?

A

The Monarch

205
Q

What makes a law good for Aristotle?

A

True governments

206
Q

What is good for Aristotle?

A

Aim (telos)

207
Q

What are the three classes of society for Aristotle

A

Rich, poor, and middle class

208
Q

What is the best form of government for Aristotle?

A

Polity

209
Q

Burke preferred what to innovation?

A

reform

210
Q

For Oakeshott, what is the purpose of government?

A

Simply Rule

211
Q

Despotism of ____ is everywhere the standing hindrance to human advancement, being in unceasing antagonism to that disposition to aim at something better than customary, which is called the spirit of liberty

A

Custom

212
Q

For Locke, why does the commonwealth exist?

A

Procure, protect and advance civil inerests

213
Q

For Locke, what do Judges ought to do?

A

Execute equal laws equally

214
Q

For Locke, what is the state of nature?

A

Peaceful, but susceptible to quarrel and inconvenience

215
Q

Who first came up with ideology

A

Carver DeTracy

216
Q

Obstacle (Liberalism)

A

Restrictions to individual choice

217
Q

Agent (Liberalism)

A

The individual want

218
Q

Goal (Liberalism)

A

To live as I want

219
Q

Tenets of Liberalism

A

Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Property, Reason, and Trade

220
Q

Obstacle (Conservatism)

A

Radical ideas, passions, desires, no restraints

221
Q

Agent (Conservatism)

A

Interconnected people

222
Q

Goal (Conservatism)

A

Stability, order, harmony, continuity

223
Q

Tenets of Conservatism

A 
Order
Stability
Organic Society
Hierarchy
Tradition
Skeptical of reason
224
Q

(Burke) Social contract exists between ______

A

generations

225
Q

Why are innovations undesirable for Burke?

A

Throw out ideas and practices that stood the test of time.

226
Q

Who said that there is no such thing as man- there is only Russians, Frenchman, etc.

A

Joseph DeMaistre

227
Q

What separates fundamentalists from normal faith?

A

Literal interpretation of scripture and influence religion in public policy

228
Q

3 Things fundamentalists reject?

A

Secularism, pluralism, values of human freedom in the enlightenment

229
Q

What do fundamentalists think about human nature?

A

Sinful but redeemable

230
Q

What is the origin of state for fundamentalists?

A

Divine right

231
Q

What is justice for fundamentalists?

A

What corresponds to the will of the deity

232
Q

What are the ideological alternatives to fundamentalism?

A

Naturalism/ humanism

233
Q

What commandments to Jewish people live by?

A

The torah

234
Q

What is the name of jewish law?

A

Halaka

235
Q

What is the name of ultra orthodox judaism?

A

Haredim

236
Q

Who founded Haredim?

A

Moses Sofer

237
Q

Percent of Ireali population Haredim?

A

17%

238
Q

“Bloc of he faithful”

A

Gush Emunim

239
Q

3 oaths imposed on the Jews by the torah?

A
  1. Jews should not rebel against non-Jews
  2. Jews should not migrate to palestine before the coming of the Messiah
  3. Jews should refrain from praying too hard so as to avoid a premature arrival of the Messiah
240
Q

3 stages to the impeding Messianic redemption

A
  1. Return from the diaspora to the land
  2. National reconstruction joing the people to the land
  3. A repentance of lov
241
Q

Most extreme jewish group

A

Chabad Lubavitch

242
Q

What do chabash lubavitch believe?

A

Salvation only available to Jews

243
Q

Who started Gush Emunim?

A

Rabbi Kook

244
Q

Tenets of Christian Fundamentalism?

A 
Infallibility of the bible
The virgin birth
Miracles
Resurrection of Jesus
Substitution view of Atonement (Jesus dies for our sins)
Anti-modern
245
Q

Policies the Moral Majority (neo-fundamentalism) supported/opposed?

A 
Abortion
Equal rights ammendments
Prayer in school
Foreign policy
Isreal
246
Q

1993 seige at Waco, texas with women and children burned to death?

A

David Koresh and the Branch Davidians

247
Q

US as God’s new Isreal

A

Jerry Fallwell, Tim LaHaye, Pat robertson

248
Q

What stage includes Jesus’ second coming?

A

Seventh

Poli (1 decks)

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