Poli Flashcards
(248 cards)
1
Q
Equality of _____ (socialism)
A
Condition
2
Q
Equality of _____ (Liberalism)
A
Satus
3
Q
Tenets of Socialism
A
Class Equality of conditions Collective Ownership Materialism Human Goodness Change
4
Q
Explanatory Function (Socialism)
A
Economic and class relations
5
Q
Evaluative Function (socialism)
A
Sharpness of class divisions in Society
6
Q
Orientative Function (Socialism)
A
Position in class structure
7
Q
Programmatic Function (Socialism)
A
Bring about a classless society
8
Q
Agent (Socialism)
A
Working Class
9
Q
Goal (Socialism)
A
Fulfill Basic Needs
10
Q
Obstacle (Socialism)
A
Capitalism
11
Q
Plato’s precursor to socialism
A
Ruling class and sharing
12
Q
What is human history to Hegel?
A
Becoming more free and gaining awareness of that freedom
13
Q
Ideas and ideals clash; new ideas emerge
A
Hegel Dialectic
14
Q
What is actual is rational and…
A
What is rational is actual
15
Q
• Slave wants master to recognize his humanity but if the master does he cannot still be a master. Master can never achieve humanity because his recognition comes from someone who is not an equal. Master is less free than slave
A
Lord and Bonsman/ Master and Slave dialectic
16
Q
Materialist conception of history
A
Struggle of classes
17
Q
Forced to sell labour; stifled creativity, workers detached from one another, loss of power to create and enjoy beauty
A
Alienation (Marx)
18
Q
When can true freedom exist for Marx?
A
Classless society
19
Q
System that legitimizes and justifies the arrangements and institutions of that society (Marx
A
Ideological superstructure
20
Q
Means of Labour ( marx)
A
Material forces of production
21
Q
Subject of labour (Marx)
A
Relations of production
22
Q
What does the working class suffer from that means they will not rebel according to Marx?
A
False Consicousness
23
Q
2 Things Engels thought differently than Marx
A
Scientific Socialism
Materialism
24
Q
Chief driving force of historical development (Lenin)
A
Class Struggle
25
Purpose of Vanguard (Lenin)
Educate workers
26
(Lenin) Relation must exist between workers and _____
Peasents
27
(Lenin) Socialism in one country leads to ______
Messianism
28
Internal party democracy (Lenin)
Democratic centralism
29
Last or highest stage of capitalism (Lenin)
Imperialism
30
According to Lenin, what do the revisionist replace the centrality of class struggle with?
Political Freedom
31
(Stalin) The Communist party itself is infected with _____
False consciousness
32
To justify all of his policies, Stalin used the excuse of...
Dialectical Materialism
33
Braver to _____ than step forward (Stalin)
retreat
34
(Mao) Need to be ____ or the revolution will fail
violent
35
______ is reserved for imperialist dogs (Mao)
Benevolence
36
Why does the state exist? (Mao)
Re-educate
37
Transform counter-revolutionaries through _______
Forced Labour
38
Ideologically pure and correct (Mao)
Red
39
Emphasize increased agricultural and industrial production (Mao)
Expert
40
(Bernstein) 3 Avenues for socialism to succeed
Moral
Political
Economic
41
Who started the Independent Labour Party
J.S. Woodsworth
42
What did the Independent Labour Party Become?
CCF
43
Will not rest until capitalism is erradicated and replaced with socialist planning
Regina Manifesto
44
Free health care in Canada
Tommy Douglas
45
NDP Goal
Social Justice for the country
46
Who's associated with the Third Way?
Tony Blair
47
Obstacle (Nationalism)
Foreign Domination
48
Agent (Nationalism)
The nation
49
Goal (Nationalism)
Independent Nation state
50
The attachment one feels for people who share commonalities; something a group shares which differentiates them from others
Ethnicity
51
What provides the strongest commonality for an ethnicity?
Overcoming Challanges
52
Nations and states should be coextensive in their boundaries: Their nation should have a state corresponding to it; and any state that does not express a nation or national idea is potentially illegitimate
Principles of Self-determination
53
2 Types of Nationalism
Ethnic and Communitarian Patriotic or Civic
54
First emphasized nationalism in a group instead of individual
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
55
Who believes individual finds meaning in their life from being connected to nation into which they are born?
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
56
Who said giving every nation their own state would lead to everyone being happy?
Mazzini
57
"Our struggle will be victorious, long live Quebec"
FLQ Manifesto
58
Obstacle (Fascism)
Humanism, equality, class, reason
59
Agent (Fascism)
Nation-state
60
Goal (Fascism)
Glory and power for the state
61
Explanatory Function (Fascism)
Heroes/Villains
62
Evaluative Function (Fascism)
Unity and strength of the volk
63
Orientative Function (Fascism)
The nation/people; organic
64
Programmatic Function (Fascism)
Believe, fight, obey; all within the state
65
Tenets shared by Liberals and Socialists
```
1- Humanism
2- Rationalism
3- Secularism
4- Progressivism
5- Universalism
```
66
Where does the word Fascism come from
Fasciare
67
What does fasciare mean?
To Fasten or Bind
68
Classless society is impossible due to historical, logical and bureaucratic realities in political life
Elitism
69
emotion, desire and instinct are more powerful and relevant actors than reason
Irrationalism
70
People are more often moved to action by political myths than by appeals to reason (torchlight parades)
Georges Sorel
71
(Fascism) Freedom to _____, to _____, to _____
fight, believe, obey
72
Fascist conception of freedom
Service is freedom
73
Fascist economic system
Corporatism
74
The true test of manly virtue (Mussolini)
War
75
Who said Race is an emotion?
Mussolini
76
Fascism + Racism=
Nazism
77
• Resources grow at an ever increasing genetic rate while resources grow at only a steady arithmetical rate
Malthus Law
78
Fuhrerprinzip
Leadership principle
79
Who came up with the concept of general will and an aversion to special interests that might challenge this
J.J. Rousseau
80
Name the ideology shaped by what it opposes.
Populism
81
Name one thing populism specifically dislikes
Intermediates
82
Tenets of Populism
```
Equality of citizens
Direct democracy
The "people"
General will
Self-determination
Freedom
```
83
Agent (populism)
People
84
Goal (populism)
General Will
85
Obstacle (populism)
Self-interested
86
The progress of art and science has made life worse
First Discourse- Rousseau
87
Mankind began in a state of nature good and innocent. The advent of private property has distorted men to such a degree that there exists inequality
Second Discourse Rousseau
88
Rousseau's solution to the plague of modernity
Social Contract
89
Opinion that exists within the population
Will of some
90
Minority or majority opinion
Will of all
91
What is best for citizenry
General will
92
Populism conception of freedom
Acting in a way that benefits the people; self-mastery of the people
93
Populists support these measures that empower people to formulate and express their will
Direct Voting
94
Which side of the spectrum did populism start in the US and Canada
Left
95
Explanatory (Populism)
Interest groups interrupt the general will from success
96
Evaluative (Populism)
If selfish interests are opposed, the people will be better off
97
Orientative (Populsim
Individual interests are tied to the general will
98
Programmatic (Populism)
Defeat special interests
99
Populism and the democratic ideal
Direct democracy as pure democracy
100
Political goal of early american populism
Direct election of senators
101
Issues such as recall, the initiative and referendum would be supported by this ideology
Populism
102
Tenets of Anti-Racism
Freedom (from oppression, segregation, etc.) & (For self-determination)
103
_/_ Clause
3/5
104
Ammendment that abolished slavery
13th
105
Amendment that proclaims all person born in America are citizens?
14th
106
Amendment that proclaims right to vote shall not be abridged by colour
15th
107
"Separate but equal" laws
Jim Crow
108
"What to the slave is the 4th of July?"-
Frederick Douglas
109
Mixture of Islam and African Liberation
Militant Black Nationalism
110
(Anti-racism) "By any means necessary"
Malcolm X
111
Black segregation could be overcome by peaceful protest and non-violent means
MLK
112
T or F: Religion is an ideology
F
113
Radical belief in a literal interpretation of a holy text
Fundamentalism
114
Pyramid of Fundamentalism- least number of people
Those who act
115
Pyramid of Fundamentalism- Second least number of people
Those who believe but do not act
116
Pyramid of Fundamentalism- Second most number of people
Those toying with the idea
117
Pyramid of fundamentalism- Most number of people
Those who are faithful but not fundamentalist
118
What were the laws god gave to moses?
The ten commandments
119
What type of Judaic laws include having no other gods, honoring father and mother, not coveting, not making graven images?
Private
120
What type of Judaic laws include no murder, no theft, no false witness
Public
121
What type of Judaic laws include taking the lords name in vain, the sabbath, and adultery
Tension
122
(St. Paul) It is ____ you are saved, not by works
Faith
123
Agent (Islamic Fundamentalism)
Muslims
124
Goal (Islamic Fundamentalism)
Establishing Islamic
125
Obstacles (Islamic Fundamentalism)
Threats to Islam, Liberalism, Secularism, Modernity, Western economy/ Military, Israel as a US bation
126
What does Jihad mean?
Struggle
127
First wave of threat Islam
The crusades
128
Second wave of threat to Islam
European Imperialism
129
Third wave of threat to Islam
Establishment of Isreal
130
Fourth wave of threat to Islam
Influence of Western liberal ideas
131
What did Sayyid Qutb see when he went to America?
Racism, Sexism, Economic inequality, "sexual promiscuity", national support for isreal
132
Qutb says secularism is what?
Darkness
133
What do Lenin, Mao and Qutb have in common?
Vanguard
134
First of three-fold method of Islamicism
Attack other Muslims seen as betrayers
135
Second of three-fold method of Islamicism
Use terror attacks against Western countries and their troops
136
Third of three-fold method of Islamicism
Education- teaching in madrasses only the Qu'ran as the only necessary book
137
What is the Islamic concept of freedom?
Submission to the will of Allah
138
What does Islam mean?
Submission
139
According to Qatb, where do the signposts come from?
The Qu'ran
140
Khomeini- The Qu'ran and _____ contain all laws and ordinances man needs in order to attain happiness and the perfection of his state.
The sunna
141
(Khomeini) Tax policy is ____ of one's income
1/5th
142
(Khomeini) What system of laws should the world follow?
Shar'ia
143
(Ayatollah) If a true Islamic government existed, than what would not exist?
A Jewish state
144
According to Ayatollah, what must the executive of gov't be?
Cleric (Imam)
145
(Ayatollah) Gov't in Islamic life is necessary for what?
Survival
146
According to Osama Bin Laden, what is the aim of the US imperialists.
Economic and religious
147
The ruling to kill the americans and their allies- civilians and military- is an individual duty for everyt muslim who can it in any country in which it is possible to do it
Fatwa
148
For Augustine, how does the past exist?
The past does not exist, it is merely the memory of it.
149
For Augustine how does the future exist?
Expectation of it
150
For Augistine, what is time and where does it exist?
Subjective; in our own minds
151
For Augustine where is god in relation to time?
Outside of time
152
(Descarte) When does time begin and end?
When you think of it
153
Who said if a tree exists in nature, and one one sees it or ever sees it, it doesn't exist
George Berkley
154
When did history end for Hegel?
19th Century
155
For Hegel, when are people really free?
When they realize they are free.
156
(Neitzhe) What are the people that are incapable of greatness, genius or exercise of human will to power?
The last man
157
What is the theory that states whatever works is what is true?
Pragmatism
158
Who said truths today might differ from tomorrow?
William James
159
First reason ideology is not over
Our times are not the first when people claimed an end to ideology.
160
Second reason ideology is not over
Even though Marxist leninism is dead, socialism continues to challenge conservatism and liberalism today. Debates remian both among and within ideologies
161
Third reason ideology is not over
Instead of saying ideology is "dead", others claim that one ideology is triumphant, namely liberalism.
162
Fourth reason ideology is not over
Things will emerge new challenges to life that we cannot anticipate.
163
For Fukyama, when is ideology over?
When mankind shares a common ideological heritage and reality
164
What were the two challenges to liberalism in the 20th century for Fukuyama
Fascism and communism
165
What are the two remaining challenges to ideology?
Religious Fundamentalism and Nationalism
166
What is the end of political life for Marx
When the state withers away
167
What does demos mean?
People
168
What does Kratien mean?
Rule
169
Who were considered to be able to vote in ancient Greece?
Free, adult male
170
Who were not allowed to vote in ancient Greece?
Women, foreigners, and slaves
171
What is the term for someone who constantly questioned and interrogated the beliefs of people
gadfly
172
What did Plato think of human nature?
Ignorance and selfishness
173
What did Plato think democracy was susceptible to?
Demagogues who might flatter and take conrol
174
Aristotle thought governing power could be in the hands of the...
one, few or many
175
When government is in the hands of one in the interest of public for Aristotle?
Monarchy
176
When government is in the hands of one in the interest of self for Aristotle?
Tyranny
177
When government is in the hands of the few in the interest of public for Aristotle?
Aristocracy
178
When government is in the hands of many in the interest of public for Aristotle?
Polity
179
When government is in the hands of the few in the interest of the self for Aristotle?
Oligarchy
180
When government is in the hands of the many in the interest of the self for Aristotle?
Democracy
181
For Aristotle, government is either _____ or ____
True or perverted
182
How was the political power divided in Rome?
Assembly, senate and executive
183
Who had power in the assembly in Rome?
The people
184
Who had power in the senate in Rome?
The aristocrats
185
Who had the executive power in Rome?
Consuls, two leader
186
For Machiavelli, governments must be the rule of ____, not the rule of _____
Law; Individual
187
Who originated liberal democratic theory?
Hobbes
188
How did Hobbes divide power?
Executive, legislative, judicial
189
For Liberal democracy, where does sovereignty rest?
The people
190
whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force."
Federalist 1
191
Faction, channeling human nature. A cure for outright democracy
Federalist 10
192
Government power arises from the people. Power held by popullar representatives. Representatives serve at the people's pleasure
Federalist 39
193
Ambition must be made to counteract ambition
Federalist 51
194
Energetic Executive- president must be power, confident, secure, and possess a veto
Federalist 70
195
What is the role of Government for Utilitarians?
Provide the greatest happiness to the great number of people?
196
(Mill) Democracy has an ______ effect on one's character
invigorating
197
Who came up with Iron Law of Oligarchy?
Robert Michels
198
Who does Robert Michel's say must run all governments?
Elites
199
What does Robert Michels say people wish to be and what do they have a psychological disposition to?
Governed; strong leadership
200
What are Weber's three forms of leadership?
Traditional, Legal-Rational and Charasmatic
201
Who is Carl Schmitt?
Posed questions of democracy
202
What form of government is Canada?
Constitutional Monarchy
203
What form of Government is the US?
Constituitonal republic
204
Who has the ultimate power in Canada?
The Monarch
205
What makes a law good for Aristotle?
True governments
206
What is good for Aristotle?
Aim (telos)
207
What are the three classes of society for Aristotle
Rich, poor, and middle class
208
What is the best form of government for Aristotle?
Polity
209
Burke preferred what to innovation?
reform
210
For Oakeshott, what is the purpose of government?
Simply Rule
211
Despotism of ____ is everywhere the standing hindrance to human advancement, being in unceasing antagonism to that disposition to aim at something better than customary, which is called the spirit of liberty
Custom
212
For Locke, why does the commonwealth exist?
Procure, protect and advance civil inerests
213
For Locke, what do Judges ought to do?
Execute equal laws equally
214
For Locke, what is the state of nature?
Peaceful, but susceptible to quarrel and inconvenience
215
Who first came up with ideology
Carver DeTracy
216
Obstacle (Liberalism)
Restrictions to individual choice
217
Agent (Liberalism)
The individual want
218
Goal (Liberalism)
To live as I want
219
Tenets of Liberalism
Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Property, Reason, and Trade
220
Obstacle (Conservatism)
Radical ideas, passions, desires, no restraints
221
Agent (Conservatism)
Interconnected people
222
Goal (Conservatism)
Stability, order, harmony, continuity
223
Tenets of Conservatism
```
Order
Stability
Organic Society
Hierarchy
Tradition
Skeptical of reason
```
224
(Burke) Social contract exists between ______
generations
225
Why are innovations undesirable for Burke?
Throw out ideas and practices that stood the test of time.
226
Who said that there is no such thing as man- there is only Russians, Frenchman, etc.
Joseph DeMaistre
227
What separates fundamentalists from normal faith?
Literal interpretation of scripture and influence religion in public policy
228
3 Things fundamentalists reject?
Secularism, pluralism, values of human freedom in the enlightenment
229
What do fundamentalists think about human nature?
Sinful but redeemable
230
What is the origin of state for fundamentalists?
Divine right
231
What is justice for fundamentalists?
What corresponds to the will of the deity
232
What are the ideological alternatives to fundamentalism?
Naturalism/ humanism
233
What commandments to Jewish people live by?
The torah
234
What is the name of jewish law?
Halaka
235
What is the name of ultra orthodox judaism?
Haredim
236
Who founded Haredim?
Moses Sofer
237
Percent of Ireali population Haredim?
17%
238
"Bloc of he faithful"
Gush Emunim
239
3 oaths imposed on the Jews by the torah?
1. Jews should not rebel against non-Jews
2. Jews should not migrate to palestine before the coming of the Messiah
3. Jews should refrain from praying too hard so as to avoid a premature arrival of the Messiah
240
3 stages to the impeding Messianic redemption
1. Return from the diaspora to the land
2. National reconstruction joing the people to the land
3. A repentance of lov
241
Most extreme jewish group
Chabad Lubavitch
242
What do chabash lubavitch believe?
Salvation only available to Jews
243
Who started Gush Emunim?
Rabbi Kook
244
Tenets of Christian Fundamentalism?
```
Infallibility of the bible
The virgin birth
Miracles
Resurrection of Jesus
Substitution view of Atonement (Jesus dies for our sins)
Anti-modern
```
245
Policies the Moral Majority (neo-fundamentalism) supported/opposed?
```
Abortion
Equal rights ammendments
Prayer in school
Foreign policy
Isreal
```
246
1993 seige at Waco, texas with women and children burned to death?
David Koresh and the Branch Davidians
247
US as God's new Isreal
Jerry Fallwell, Tim LaHaye, Pat robertson
248
What stage includes Jesus' second coming?
Seventh
