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TryHackMe Pre-Security Module > POLI 322 > Flashcards

POLI 322 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Israel define itself as?

A

The Jewish State

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2
Q

Which countries share borders with Israel? Which are internationally recognized?

A

Int Recognized: Jordan and Egypt
Armistice lines: Syria and Lebanon

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3
Q

Who was the Israeli Jewish State’s first political leader?

A

Theodore Herzl, an Austro-Hungarian Jewish publicist/essayist, journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father of modern political Zionism.

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4
Q

What is the Israeli parliament called?

A

The Knesset.

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5
Q

Whose portrait decorates a wall of the Plenary Chamber in the Knesset?

A

Theodore Herzl.

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6
Q

What causes Theodore Herzle to promote Zionism in the last years of his life?

A

The 1984 Dreyfus Affair and West European antisemitism; additonally the election to mayorship of well known antisemite Karl Lueger in Vienna.

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7
Q

What is the Jewish Question?

A

A wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe about the appropriate status and treatment of Jews.

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8
Q

What was Theodore Herzl’s answer to the Jewish Question?

A

The creation of the Jewish State.

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9
Q

What is “Der Judenstaat”?

A

A long essay written in a pamphlet by Theodore Herzl literally translated as “The Jewish State”.

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10
Q

What did Theodore Herzl argue in the “Der Judentstaat”?

A

There’s an important historical and religious connection between the land of Palestine and Jews, and there’s a universal importance to the creation of a jewish state to jews across the world.

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11
Q

What obstacle did the Jewish State in Palestine face?

A

The local majority population of Arabic Muslims.

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12
Q

Who was Yousef Al-Khalidi?

A

An Arabic Muslim Ottoman Mayor of Jerusalem.

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13
Q

What does Yousef Al-Khalidi do?

A

He sends a letter to Theodore Herzl in 1899 asking him to leave Palestine alone since Palestine is integral to the Ottoman Empire and the local Arabs.

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14
Q

When and where was the First Zionist Congress?

A

1897, Basel Switzerland.

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15
Q

What did Herzl do a year before his death that stirred great controversy with the Zionists?

A

The Uganda Proposal.

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16
Q

What was the Uganda Proposal?

A

A proposal made by Theodore Herzle in 1903 to create the Jewish State in Uganda.

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17
Q

Who was a prominent Zionist and political activist who argued against the Uganda proposal?

A

Chaim Weizmann

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18
Q

Who did Theodore Herzl make appeals to in order to create a homeland in Palestine?

A

The British Empire, the German Kaiser, the Ottoman Empire, the Vatican and the Tsarist Russian Empire.

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19
Q

Who preceded Theodore Herzl as trying to solve the Jewish Question? What did he write?

A

Leon Pinsker; an essay called Auto-Emancipation written in 1882.

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20
Q

What “Auto-Emancipation” a result of?

A

The pogroms and May Laws incited by the assasination of the Russian Tsar in the Tsarist Empire.

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21
Q

How were Russian Jews different than Theodore Herzl?

A

Russian jews weren’t assimilated, and had a much more traditional jewish life than west-european jews like Herzl.

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22
Q

How does Leon Pinsker’s Zionism differ from Theodore Herzl’s?

A

Herzl’s zionism was diplomatic, while Pinsker’s was Pragmatic Zionism.

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23
Q

What movement did Leon Pinsker create?

A

“The Lovers of Zion” or “Hibbat Zion”.

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24
Q

What was Pragmatic Zionism?

A

Small-scale mobilization and land settlement of jews into Zion advocated by Leon Pinsker before the creation of a political identity.

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25
Q

What kind of Zionism predates Herzl and Pinsker?

A

Religious Zionism.

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26
Q

What is Religious Zionism?

A

Contrary to ancient doctrine that the messiah will bring back Zion, religious sees movements like Pragmatic Zionism and Herzl’s Zionism as proof that the messianic movement has begun; the belief that the Return to the land of Israel and zionism as central tenets of judaism.

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27
Q

What is Labor Zionism?

A

The socialist conceptualization of Zionism, where the focus is the social solidarity and welfare of the average jew.

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28
Q

Who is Nachman Syrkin?

A

A prominent Labor Zionist who wrote “The Jewish Problem and the Socialist Jewish State”.

29
Q

Who is Ahad Ha-am, Asher Zvi Ginsberg?

A

A Zionist who believed that Palestine should serve as the cultural and spiritual center for jews and was against which didn’t require the formation of a coercive state.

30
Q

What is Territorial Zionism?

A

Zionism that emphasized the creation of the Jewish State but indifferent to where.

31
Q

Who was the main proponent of Territorial Zionism?

A

Israel Zangwill.

32
Q

What is Revisionist Zionism?

A

Zionism predicated on taking and protecting Zion by force. Associated with Herzlian Zionism.

33
Q

Who wrote “The Iron Wall”? What is it about?

A

Vladimir Jabotinski, the leader of Revionist Zionism. Making a home in occupied Palestine but understanding that will always make conflict with the indigenous Arabs and so there needs to be a strong mediator; the British Empire.

34
Q

What is Synthetic Zionism and who was its main proponent?

A

A middle ground between most forms of Zionism championed by Chaim Weizmann, the first president of Israel.

35
Q

Who was Chaim Weizmann?

A

A chemist who became the first president of Israel, and prominent Zionist leader throughout the 20th century.

36
Q

What were the Capitulation Treaties?

A

Policy made by the Ottoman Empire that granted foreign residents the right take of their administrative,

37
Q

What happens in Sanremo in 1920?

A

Institution of the post World War 1 global order. This includes the establishment of the League of Nations.

38
Q

What does the British Empire receive from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the Sanremo Conference?

A

The mandate from the League of Nations to establish the British Mandate of Palestine.

39
Q

What was the San Remo conference?

A

International meeting of the post-World War I Allied Supreme Council held at castle Devachan (Italy) in 1920.

40
Q

Why was the British Mandate of Palestine good for Zionists?

A

The promise of creating the Jewish homeland is expressively written into it.

41
Q

Who was the first British Governor of Palestine?

A

Sir Herbert Samuel, a British Jew.

42
Q

What is Yishuv?

A

The Jewish community in Palestine before the creation of Israel.

43
Q

Who does Sir Herbert Samuel appoint?

A

Rav Kook, the spirirtual leader of the Yishuv and Haj Amin al Husayni as the first as the Grand Mufti, the spiritual leader for the Arab and Muslim populations.

44
Q

What does Al Husayni do?

A

Organizes political arabic nationalism in Palestine IOT combat the arrival of Jews and the displacement of Arabs.

45
Q

What significant events happen after the British Mandate of Palestine is instate.

A

The 1929 Riots pitting Arabs and Jews against each other.

46
Q

What was the 1929 Hebron Massacre?

A

A particularly violent pogrom in Hebron which historically always had jewish and arabic populations.

47
Q

What was the british response to the 1929 Riots in Mandatory Palestine?

A

The Passfield White Paper.

48
Q

What was the Passfield White Paper?

A

A British mandate made by Lord Passfield IOT to slow jewish immigration to Palestine and de-escalate ethnic conflict in Mandatory Palestine.

49
Q

Who pushed for the Passfield White Paper to be retracted? Was he successful?

A

Chaim Weizmann, yes.

50
Q

What happens in Mandatory Palestine after the Passfield White Paper is retracted?

A

The Great Arab Revolt from 1936 to 1939.

51
Q

What is the British response to the Great Arab Revolt?

A

The Peel Commission.

52
Q

What is the Peel Commission?

A

A British royal commission led by Lord William Peel that recommends partioning Mandatory Palestine into Arab and Jew and International territory. This doesn’t happen, but informs the actual partition which occurs after WW2.

53
Q

What followed the Peel Commission and the continuation of the Arab Revolt?

A

The MacDonald White Paper.

54
Q

What was the MacDonal White Paper?

A

British policy that but a cap on and severe limitations to jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine.

55
Q

What is gaining power in Europe at the same time as the MacDonald White Paper is made?

A

Nazi Germany.

56
Q

Why do Revisionist Zionists hate the British?

A

They closed the immigration gates on Mandatory Palestine when the Holcaust in Germany was beginning.

57
Q

Who were the Irgun and the Etzel?

A

Revisionist Zionist militias that fought against the British regime in Mandatory Palestine as a result of the MacDonald White Paper.

58
Q

What happened to the Irgun and Etzel?

A

They were treated as terrorists and many were executed.

59
Q

Who was David Ben-Gurion?

A

A prominent leader of the Zionist movement in Mandatory Palestine who worked often with Chaim Weizmann.

60
Q

What David Ben-Gurion famously say during WW2?

A

The Jews need to fight the White Paper as if there were no
war, and we need to fight the war (support the British Empire) as if there were no White Paper.

61
Q

What did Ben-Gurion support?

A

The illegal immigration of jews to Mandatory Palestine after 1939.

62
Q

What is a term used to describe what Ben-Gurion supported during WW2 in Mandatory Palestine.

A

The Aliyah Bet.

63
Q

What violent act did the Irgun militia group do in opposition to Ben-Gurion zionists and the British Empire?

A

The King David Hotel Bombing of 1946 in Jerusalem.

64
Q

What happens as a result of the King David Hotel Bombing?

A

Hanging of Zionist English Jewish in Britain and the hanging of British Officers in Mandatory Palestine by right wing extremists.

65
Q

What branch of the UN helps Britain with Palestine after WW2?

A

UNSCOP, United Nations Special Commission On Palestine

66
Q

What was the Majority Report recommened by UNSCOP?

A

A Majority Report recommending the partitioning of Mandatory Palestine similiar to the Peel Commission, although the proposed jewish state is much bigger.

67
Q

What was the Minority Report recommended by UNSCOP?

A

A Minority Report recommending the replacement of the Mandate of Palestine to a federal state where Arabs and Jews work together.

68
Q

What is the result of the UNSCOP?

A

Termination of the British Mandate by May 15th, 1948 and civil war in Palestine

69
Q
A

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