Polarity Flashcards
What is polarity in chemistry?
Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule.
True or False: Polar molecules have a positive and a negative end.
True
What type of intermolecular force occurs between polar molecules?
Dipole-dipole forces
Fill in the blank: The ________ force is the weakest type of intermolecular force.
London dispersion
What is a dipole-dipole interaction?
It is an attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.
Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the unique properties of water?
Hydrogen bonding
True or False: London dispersion forces are present in all molecules, regardless of polarity.
True
What factors influence the strength of London dispersion forces?
Molecular size and shape.
What is the primary reason for the high boiling point of water compared to other similar-sized molecules?
Hydrogen bonding.
Fill in the blank: Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as ________, ________, or ________.
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
What property of liquids increases with stronger intermolecular forces?
Viscosity
True or False: Nonpolar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.
False
What is the significance of the dipole moment?
It quantifies the polarity of a molecule.
Fill in the blank: The ability of a liquid to resist flow is known as ________.
Viscosity
Which intermolecular force is generally stronger: dipole-dipole or London dispersion?
Dipole-dipole
What is the effect of temperature on the viscosity of liquids?
Viscosity decreases with increasing temperature.
What happens to the boiling point of a substance as the strength of its hydrogen bonds increases?
The boiling point increases.
Fill in the blank: Molecules with a permanent dipole are known as ________ molecules.
Polar
True or False: All polar molecules can form hydrogen bonds.
False
What is the relationship between molecular weight and London dispersion forces?
As molecular weight increases, London dispersion forces generally increase.
What type of molecular interaction is responsible for the surface tension of water?
Hydrogen bonding
Fill in the blank: The interaction between nonpolar molecules is primarily due to ________ forces.
London dispersion
Which property of liquids allows them to form droplets?
Cohesion
What is the term for the energy required to change a liquid into a gas?
Heat of vaporization
Fill in the blank: The presence of ________ bonds can significantly alter the physical properties of a liquid.
Hydrogen
True or False: Dipole-dipole interactions are stronger than hydrogen bonds.
False
What type of bonding involves a network of covalently bonded atoms?
Network covalent bonding
True or False: Metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons between individual atoms.
False
Fill in the blank: In network covalent bonding, atoms are held together by ______ bonds.
covalent
What is a characteristic property of substances with network covalent bonding?
They have high melting and boiling points.
Which of the following materials is an example of network covalent bonding? (A) Diamond (B) Sodium chloride (C) Iron
A) Diamond
True or False: Metallic bonding allows metals to conduct electricity.
True
What is the ‘sea of electrons’ concept in metallic bonding?
It refers to the delocalization of electrons that allows for conductivity and malleability in metals.
Name one property of metals that is a result of metallic bonding.
Malleability
Multiple choice: Which type of bonding is characterized by the strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons? (A) Ionic (B) Covalent (C) Metallic
C) Metallic
What distinguishes network covalent substances from molecular substances?
Network covalent substances have a continuous network of atoms, while molecular substances consist of discrete molecules.
