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NAVLE Study > Poisonous Plants > Flashcards

Poisonous Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Chokecheery

A

Toxic Principle: Cyanide - inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
C/S: bright red blood (cherry coloured) + bitter almond smell in rumen
Tx: sodium nitrite or sodium thiosulfate

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2
Q

Johnson Grass (Sorghum)

A

Toxic Principle: Cyanide - inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
C/S: bright red blood (cherry coloured) + bitter almond smell in rumen
Tx: sodium nitrite or sodium thiosulfate

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3
Q

Pigweed

A

Rumenants

Toxic Princple: Nitrate –> nitrite –> methemoglobinemia

C/S: dark brown/chocolate coloured blood; dyspnoea, ataxia, tachycardia

Tx: 1% methylene blue

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4
Q

Nightshade (Solanum)

A

Ruminants

Toxic Princple: Nitrate –> nitrite –> methemoglobinemia

C/S: dark brown/chocolate coloured blood; dyspnoea, ataxia, tachycardia

Tx: 1% methylene blue

ALSO

Glycoalkaloid + neurotoxin (aglycone) –> anorexia, nasuea, abdominal pain, V+, D+ –> apathy, paresis/paralysis, unconciousness

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5
Q

Sorghum

A

Rumenants

Toxic Princple: Nitrate –> nitrite –> methemoglobinemia

C/S: dark brown/chocolate coloured blood; dyspnoea, ataxia, tachycardia

Tx: 1% methylene blue

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6
Q

Oleander

A

Toxic Principle: Cardiac glycoside - oleandrin + neriine

C/S: salivation, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia; bradycardia + hypotension; AV block

Tx: Induce emesis; activated charcoal; supportive care; atropine (bradycardia); isoproterenol/procainamide/quinidine (AV block)

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7
Q

Foxglove

A

Toxic Principle: Cardiac glycoside - increase contractility and decrease HR

C/S: salivation, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia; bradycardia + hypotension; AV block

Tx: Induce emesis; activated charcoal; supportive care; atropine (bradycardia); isoproterenol/procainamide/quinidine (AV block)

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8
Q

Lily-of-the-valley

A

Toxic Principle: Cardiac glycoside - increase contractility + decrease HR

C/S: salivation, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia; bradycardia + hypotension; AV block

Tx: Induce emesis; activated charcoal; supportive care; atropine (bradycardia); isoproterenol/procainamide/quinidine (AV block)

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9
Q

Yew

A

Toxic Principle: Taxine Alkaloid A + B - inhibit cardiac depolarization

C/S: salivation, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia; bradycardia + hypotension; AV block

Tx: Induce emesis; activated charcoal; supportive care; atropine (bradycardia); isoproterenol/procainamide/quinidine (AV block)

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10
Q

Rhododendron

A

Toxic Principle: Andromedotoxins - bind membrane sodium channels

C/S: salivation, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia; bradycardia + hypotension; AV block

Tx: Induce emesis; activated charcoal; supportive care; atropine (bradycardia); isoproterenol/procainamide/quinidine (AV block)

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11
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Primary photosensitization - metabolized agent –> photodynamic

C/S - skin only; erytheme, oedema, peeling; pruritus; hyperesthesia

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12
Q

Rape <– thats a fucked up name for a plant

A

Secondary Photosensitization - impaired hepatic function –> reduce excretion of plant pigments

C/S: LIVER + SKIN; erytheme, odema, peeling; pruritus; hyperesthesia

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13
Q

Blue-Green Algae

A

Secondary Photosensitization - Hepatic failure –> reduce excretion of plant pigments –> skin lesions

C/S: LIVER + SKIN; erythema, oedema, peeling; pruritus; hyperesthesia

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14
Q

Groundsel

A

Secondary Photosensitization - Hepatic failure –> reduce excretion of plant pigments –> skin lesions

C/S: LIVER + SKIN; erythema, oedema, peeling; pruritus; hyperesthesia

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15
Q

Lupine

A

Mainly effects sheep

Teratogenic in cattle: 40-70 gestation = Crooked Calf syndrome)

Toxic principle: quinolizidine alkaloid - nicotinic effects

C/S: salivation, incoordination, head-pressing, muscle tremors (seizures), dyspnoea

Tx: none

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16
Q

Poison Hemlock

A

Toxic Principle: coniine + pyridin alkaloid

C/S (RAPID): salivation, V+, D+; tremors, weakness, convulsion; death (resp failure)

Tx: None

17
Q

Larkspur

A

Cattle MOST susceptible

Toxic Principle: polycylic diterpene alkaloids - neuromuscular blocker; cholinergic and nicotinic antagonist

C/S: bloat + excitability; tremors, stiffness, paresis, seizures; arrhythmias; death (resp paralysis)

Tx: physostigmine

18
Q

Bracken Fern

A

Toxix Principle: Thiaminase –> polioencephalomalacia; ptaquiloside –> carinogenicity + bone marrow suppression (ruminants)

C/S: Incoordination; depression; tremors/ataxia; blindness (retinal detachment)

C/S (ruminants): bone marrow destruction –> haemorrhage + anaemia; increase pyruvic acid; tumours in bladder

Tx: injectable thiamine; NO tx for ptaquilosides***

19
Q

Black Walnut

A

Horses - found in bedding

CS: Acute laminitis –> necrosis of dorsal laminae; distal limb oedema

Tx: remove source + decontaminate GI w/ mineral oil or activated charcoal

20
Q

Castor bean

A

Toxic Principle: Ricin - toxic glycoprotein

C/S (lag period): anorexia, V+, D+; weakness; muscle spasm; sweating + ataxia (horses); EXTENSIVE ORGAN OEDEMA AND DMG

Tx: none

21
Q

Cottonseed

A

Toxic Principle: Gossypol - Cardiotoxic

C/S: sudden death (heart failure); anorexia, red urine, pot-bellied appearance

Tx: None

22
Q

Dumbcane

A

C/S (days to weeks): irritation of MM; ptyalism; oedematous welling of the tongue/lips; difficulty swallowing or breathing

23
Q

Locoweed

A

C/S: ataxia, hypermetria; clicking of dewclaws; concious proprioceptive deficits; emaciation; emphysema (sheep), abortion/teratogenesis

24
Q

Waterhemlock

A

ONE OF THE MOST TOXIC PLANTS

Toxic Principle: cicutoxin - horses and cattle

C/S: acute violent tetanic seizures (strychnine posioning); rapid progression (salivation –> muscle twitching –> seizures –> coma –> death)

25
Q

Yellow Star Thistle

A

Horses

Toxic Principle: unknown

Nigropallidal encephalomalacia (chewing disease)

C/S: inability to eat or drink (dystonia of muscles of lips and tongue); continuous chewing motion with empty mouth; chewing and dropping food*

26
Q

Perilla Mint

A

Toxic Principle: Perilla keton - pulmonary oedema + pleural effusion

C/S: respiratory distresss (exhalation); nasal discharge

Tx: ineffect once severe pulmonary odema occurs

27
Q

Western False Hellebore

A

Sheep

Toxic Principle: Cyclopamine - teratogenic

C/S: Teratogenic effect: Day 14 - monkey faced lambs; day 17-18 - hind limb paralysis; day 12-30 - craniofacial deformities; day 30-36 - shortened legs

28
Q

White snakeroot

A

Horses and cattle

Toxic Principle: ketones, trematone

C/S: weakness/depression

Hores - myocardial necrosis –> CHF

Cattle - ataixa, depression, muscle tremors, acetone breath**

29
Q

Red Maple

A

Horse

Toxic principle: RBC lysis

C/S: depression, icterus, anaemia, haemoglobinemia, haemoglobinuria

30
Q

Ponderosa Pine

A

Abotions - weak contractions, excessive discharge, small calf, retained fetal membranes

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