Poisonings

Question 1

T/F More than 90% of poisonings occur in the home and most involve only a single substance

Answer 1

T

Question 2

Majority of exposures occur in what age group

Answer 2

Less than 6 years, almost all are unintentional; second peak in adolescence, primarily intentional hence more severe

Question 3

ODOR - TOXIN: Bitter almonds

Answer 3

Cyanide

Question 4

ODOR - TOXIN: Acetone

Answer 4

Isopropyl alcohol, Methanol, Paraldehyde, Salicylates

Question 5

ODOR - TOXIN: Wintergreen

Answer 5

Methylsalicylate

Question 6

ODOR - TOXIN: Garlic

Answer 6

Arsenic, thallium, organophosphates, selenium

Question 7

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Miosis

Answer 7

Opioids, organophosphates and other cholinergics, clonidine, phenothiazines, sedative-hypnotics, olanzapine

Question 8

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Mydriasis

Answer 8

Atropine, cocaine, amphetamines, TCAs, carbamazepine, serotonin syndrome, PCP, LSD, post-anoxic encephalopathy

Question 9

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Nystagmus

Answer 9

Phenytoin, barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, alcohols, carbamazepine, PCP, ketamine, dextromethorphan

Question 10

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Lacrimation

Answer 10

Organophosphates, irritant gas or vapors

Question 11

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Retinal hyperemia

Answer 11

Methanol

Question 12

OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Poor vision

Answer 12

Methanol, botulism, carbon monoxide

Question 13

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Needle tracks

Answer 13

Heroinm PCP, amphetamines

Question 14

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Bullae

Answer 14

CO, barbiturates

Question 15

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Dry, hot skin

Answer 15

Anticholinergics

Question 16

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Diaphoresis

Answer 16

Organophosphates, nitrates, muscarinic mushrooms, aspirin, cocaine

Question 17

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Alopecia

Answer 17

Thallium, arsenic, lead, mercury

Question 18

CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Erythma

Answer 18

Boric acid, mercury, cyanide, anticholinergics

Question 19

ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Salivation

Answer 19

Organophosphates, salicylates, corrosives, strychnine

Question 20

ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Dry mouth

Answer 20

Amphetamines, anticholinergics, antihistamine

Question 21

ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Burns

Answer 21

Corrosives, oxalate-containing plants

Question 22

ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Gum lines

Answer 22

Lead, mercury, arsenic

Question 23

ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Dysphagia

Answer 23

Corrosives, botulism

Question 24

Antidote: Acetaminophen

Answer 24

N-acetylcysteine

Question 25

Antidote: Organophsophate/Pesticides

Answer 25

Atropine, pralidoxime

Question 26

Antidote: Arsenic, mercury, other metals

Answer 26

BAL (dimercaprol)

Question 27

Antidote: Iron

Answer 27

Deferoxamine

Question 28

Antidote: Digitalis

Answer 28

Digoxin-specific Fab antibodies

Question 29

Antidote: Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 29

Diphen

Question 30

Antidote: Lead, manganese, nickel

Answer 30

EDTA

Question 31

Antidote: Methanol, ethylene glycol

Answer 31

Ethanol, Fomepizole

Question 32

Antidote: Benzodiazepines

Answer 32

Flumazenil

Question 33

Antidote: Beta blockers, Caclium channel blockers

Answer 33

Glucagon

Question 34

Antidote: Hypoglycemic agents

Answer 34

Glucagon

Question 35

Antidote: Methemoglobinemia

Answer 35

Methylene blue

Question 36

Antidote: INH

Answer 36

Pyridoxine

Question 37

Antidote: Gyromitra mushrooms

Answer 37

Pyridoxine

Question 38

Antidote: Narcotics

Answer 38

Naloxone

Question 39

Antidote: Sulfonylureas

Answer 39

Ocreotide

Question 40

Antidote: Physostigmine

Answer 40

Anticholinergics

Question 41

Antidote: CO

Answer 41

O2

Question 42

Antidote: Coumarin

Answer 42

Vitamin K