Poisoning & Overdose Flashcards
What is ethylene glycol(anti freeze) broken down into?
-oxalic acid
-formic acid
-glycolic acid
Anti-dote to antifreeze poisoning ?
-alcohol
-fomepizole
What is fomepizole’s mechanism of action
a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyses the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Alcohol dehydrogenase also catalyses the initial steps in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites
Why is alcohol often used over fomepizole for anti-freeze poisoning
fomepizole is much more expensive
Anti-dote for digoxin poisoning?
Digifab
Mechanism of action of digifab?
-antibody
-binds and forms an inert complex with digoxin
Examples of gut decontamination?
-Activated charcoal (50 g, need to be conscious)
-Whole bowel irrigation using poly ethylene glycol solution
Examples of enhanced elimination?
-urinary alkalisation using weak acids such as aspirin
-haemodialysis /hemoperfusion
Opioid overdose antidote?
-naloxone
Paracetamol overdose antidote?
-n-acetylcysteine
N-acetylcysteine mechanism of action?
-increases the synthesis of glutathione which will accelerate the detoxification of paracetamol
-glutathione will bind to toxic electrophilic NAPQI
Fatal dose of nicotine in adults?
40 mg
Discuss the EU Tobacco Derivative 2014?
-only sold to over 18
-cigarettes must be child-resistant
-there should be no ads on TV, or radio. Only advertisements at the point of sale
Examples of occupational poisoning?
asbestos
pesticides
Warfarin overdose antidote?
Vitamin K (Phytomenadione )
