Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Medicine > Poisoning and Toxidromes > Flashcards

Poisoning and Toxidromes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What are the main alterations to mental status with sympathomimetic toxins?

A
  • Hyperalert
  • Agitation
  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do sympathomimetics alter pupil size?

A

Cause myadriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What changes to vital signs might you see in someone with sympathomimetic intoxication?

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Widened pulse pressure
  • Tachypnoea
  • Hypernoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of sympathomimetic agents?

A
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamines
  • Cathinones
  • Ephidrine
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • Theophylline
  • Caffeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What signs might you find in someone with sympathomimetic overdose other than changes in vital signs?

A
  • Diaphoresis
  • Tremors
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What alterations to mental status occur in anticholinergic overdose?

A
  • Hypervigilance
  • Agitation
  • Hallucinations
  • Delerium with mumbling speech
  • Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What changes occur to pupil size due to anticholinergic overdose?

A

Cause myadriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes to vital signs can anticholinergic toxicity cause?

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Tachypnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What signs might you see in someone with anticholinergic intoxication other than the changes you would see to vital signs?

A
  • Dry flushed skin
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • DEcreased bowel sounds
  • Urinary retention
  • myoclonus
  • Choreoathetosis
  • Picking behaviour
  • Seizures (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of anticholinergic drugs which can cause anticholinergic toxidrome?

A
  • Antihistamines
  • TCA
  • Antiparkinson agents
  • Antispasmodics
  • Phenothiazines
  • Atropine
  • Cyclobenzarine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What alterations to mental status can hallucinogenic intoxication cause?

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Perceptual distrotion
  • Depersonalisation
  • Synesthesia
  • Agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common type of pupil change seen in hallucinogen intoxication?

A

Myadriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What changes to vital signs can hallucinogens cause?

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Tachypnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What signs might you see in someone with hallucinogen intoxication other than the changes seen to their vital signs?

A

Nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of hallucinogenic drugs which can cause hallucinogenic toxidrome?

A
  • Phencyclidine
  • LSD
  • Mescaline
  • Psilocybin
  • MDMA
  • MDEA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What changes to metnal status can sedative/hypnotic agents as part of the sedative/hypnotic toxidrome?

A
  • CNS depression
  • Confusion
  • Stupor
  • Coma
17
Q

What are examples of sedative/hypnotic agents which cane cause toxidromes?

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Barbituates
  • Carisoprodol
  • Meprobamate
  • Glutethimide
  • Alcohols
  • Zolpidem
18
Q

What changes to pupil size can sedative/hypnotic agents cause?

A

Variable - either myosis or myadriasis

19
Q

What changes to vital signs can hypnotic/sedative agents cause?

A

Often normal, but may develop

  • Hypothermia
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Apnoea
  • Bradypnoea
20
Q

What other signs might be evident when assessing someone with sedative/hypnotic intoxication other than changes to their vital signs?

A

Hyporeflexia

21
Q

What changes to metnal status occur in opiod intoxication?

A
  • CNS depression
  • Coma
22
Q

What change to pupil size occurs in opiod intoxication?

A

Miosis

23
Q

What changes occur to vital signs in someone with opiod intoxication?

A
  • Bradypnoea - apnoea characteristic
  • Hypothermia
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension

Hypothermia, bradycardia and hypotension occur in large dose intoxication

24
Q

What other signs can be seen in opiod intoxication besides changes seen to vital signs?

A
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Needle marks
25
Q

What are examples of opioids that cause intoxication?

A
  • Heroin
  • Morphine
  • Methadone
  • Oxycodone
  • Hydromorphone
  • Fentanyl
  • RemyFentanyl
26
Q

What changes to mental status can occur in cholinergic intoxication?

A
  • Confusion
  • Coma
27
Q

What changes to pupil size would you see in cholinergic intoxication?

A

Miosis

28
Q

What changes to vital signs might you see in cholinergic intoxication?

A
  • BRadycardia
  • Hyper/hypotension
  • Tachypnoea/bradypnoea
29
Q

What other signs can cholinergic intoxication cause other than observed changes to vital signs?

A
  • Salivation
  • Urinary/faecal incontinence
  • Diarrhoea
  • Emesis
  • Diaphoresis
  • Lacrimation
  • GI cramps
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Muscle fasciculations
  • Weakness
  • Seizures
30
Q

What cholinergic drugs can cause chokinergic intoxication?

A
  • Organophosphate/carbamate insecticides
  • Nerve agents
  • Nicotine
  • Pilocarpine
  • Physostigmine
  • Edrophonium
  • Bethanechol
  • Urecholine
31
Q

What changes to metnal status can occur in serotinin syndrome?

A
  • Confusion
  • Agitation
  • Coma
32
Q

What changes in pupil size occur in serotonin syndrome?

A

Myadriasis

33
Q

What change in vital signs are often seen in serotonin syndrome?

A
  • Hyperthtermia
  • Tacycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Tachypnoea
34
Q

What signs might you see other than changes to vital sign in serotonin syndrome?

A
  • Tremor
  • Myoclonus
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Clonus
  • Diaphoresis
  • FLushing
  • Trismus
  • Rigidity
  • Diarrhoea
35
Q

What toxidromes are associated with myadriasis?

A
  • Hallucinogenic toxidrome (usually)
  • Serotonin syndrome
  • Sympathomimemtic toxidrome
  • Anticholinergic toxidrome
36
Q

What toxidromes are associated with miosis?

A
  • Opiod toxidrome
  • Cholinergic toxidrome
37
Q

What toxidromes are associated with hyperthermia, hypertension, tachypnoea and tachycardia?

A
  • Sympathomimetic toxidrome
  • Anticholinergic toxidrome
  • Hallucinogenic toxidrome
  • Serotonin syndrome
38
Q

What toxidrome often presents with respiratory depression?

A

Opioid toxidrome

Emergency Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions