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History Points Test- Consolidation of Power & Propaganda- A-level > Points Test > Flashcards

Points Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How many fascists were in Mussolini’s government following the ‘March on Rome’ and how many roles did M take on himself?

A

4 fascist in government & M took on 3 roles

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2
Q

Give two reasons why Conservatives & Liberals were prepared to support M’s government & grant M emergency powers

A

1) He seemed like the only Socialism (left wing)

2) Believed M could be influenced/controlled

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3
Q

How long was M granted emergency powers?

A

1 year

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4
Q

Which roles did M take on?

A

Foreign minister, PM, Interior minister

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5
Q

Leading fascists were invited to join which body- hope that it would make them feel important & M could control them

A

Grand Council of Fascism

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6
Q

What was the legal name of the blackshirts (Mussolini’s private army)

A

MVSN

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7
Q

When were the blackshirts given their legal name as MVSN?

A

January 1923

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8
Q

Who were the blackshirts controlled by before control given to ex-army officers?

A

The Ras

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9
Q

Who had control of the blackshirts after the Ras?

A

Ex-army officers

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10
Q

Who led the Cheka?

A

Ameriqo Dumini

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11
Q

Which organisation was led by Ameriqo Dumini and what did it do?

A

The Cheka
secret personal bodyguard of fascist thugs
purpose- terrorise opponents of M

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12
Q

Which secret society did M attack in an attempt to win over the RCC?

A

Freemasons

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13
Q

Who were the Freemasons?

A

The secret society that M attacked in an attempt to win over the RCC

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14
Q

Apart from the attack on the Freemasons, how else did M try to get the support of the Church/Pope?

A

1) ⬆️ clerical salaries (state grant)
2) ✖️ contraception
3) Introduced religious education in state schools/universities
4) ✖️ certain anti-clerical (against⛪️) publications

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15
Q

Which groups did try to increase the support of?

A

Church/Pope

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16
Q

What happened to nationalist party in February 1923?

A

1) Nationalists closed down their organisation (Feb 1923) to join PNF
2) Their paramilitary organisation (‘blueshirts’) merged with the MVSN

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17
Q

When did the Nationalist party collapse?

A

February 1923

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18
Q

What was the Acerbo Law?

A

M proposed whichever party won the most votes in an election (provided got- at least 25% of all votes casted) automatically receive 2/3 of seats in Chamber of Deputies- remaining 1/3 allocated to other parties in proportion to number of votes gained.

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19
Q

Why did M introduce the Acerbo Law (benefits)?

A

M claimed it would produce 💪 government- deal decisively with 🇮🇹 problems- prospect of end to weak, coalition government- popular

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20
Q

Which law allowed that whichever party won the most votes in an election (provided got- at least 25% of all votes casted) automatically receive 2/3 of seats in Chamber of Deputies?

A

Acerbo Law

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21
Q

How did the fascists do in the 1924 election after the Acerbo Law?

A

Won 66 % of the vote

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22
Q

Who was the chief suspect of Matteotti’s murder?

A

M’s press secretary’s PA

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23
Q

Why was Matteotti murdered?

A

Matteotti (Socialist)- their most prominent spokesman when opposition deputies tried to prove- Fascists acted illegally in April elections (fixed)- produced evidence- use of fascist violence/terror during election campaign & within days of him making these allegations- got abducted- broad daylight by Fascist thugs & stabbed to 💀

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24
Q

When was Matteotti murdered?

A

June 1924

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25
Q

What was it called when Socialists, Communits & Catholic’s walked out of parliament to set up thier own?

A

Aventine secession

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26
Q

What was the ‘Aventine secession’ ?

A

When opposition deputies walked out of parliament to set up their own- thought it would prompt the king to dismiss M

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27
Q

What did M introduce in July 1924 which alienated Italy’s liberals even further?

A

Censorship

28
Q

What effect did censorship have on the liberals?

A

It alienated them even further

29
Q

Why did M address Parliament on the 3rd January 1925?

A

M addressed Parliament & took full responsibility for all Fascist actions (including violence) up to this point
M promised- he would provide the Italian people with strong government without the violence/anarchy of the post-war period

30
Q

When did M address parliament about the murder of Matteotti?

A

3rd January 1925

31
Q

When was the ‘Leggi Fascistissime’ passed?

A

December 1925

32
Q

Give examples of the laws passed the ‘Leggi Fascistissime’

A

1) Banned all opposition political parties and organisations 2)Tightened press censorship
3) Set up a new secret police force (OVRA)
4) Set up a special court to try political ‘crimes’ i.e. cases involving anti-fascist activity

33
Q

What was confino?

A

When M used his police & courts to round up known opponents, many of whom were then banished to remote parts of the country

34
Q

What was it called when M used his police & courts to round up known opponents, many of whom were then banished to remote parts of the country?

A

Confino

35
Q

Who were the ‘podestas’?

A

government-appointed officials

36
Q

Who did the podestas replace?

A

Elected mayors and councils

37
Q

What did the podestas allow?

A

fascist control to be extended to the localities and another voice was silenced

38
Q

How did M weaken the king’s authority in 1928?

A

He could no longer choose the PM

39
Q

When did M weaken the kings personal authority by not allowing him to choose the PM?

A

1928

40
Q

Why was Giovanni Gentile replaced as the Minister of education?

A

He was all about improving education and M was all about school being used for indoctrination

41
Q

Who was Giovanni Gentile?

A

Minister of Education

42
Q

What does ‘Mussolini ha sempre ragione’- mean & where might’ve it been heard?

A

M is always right

May have been heard in the street

43
Q

What was the GUF?

A

Gruppi Universitari Fascisti- University Fascist Groups

44
Q

What was the name of the Italian youth organisation?

A

ONB

45
Q

Who was the Italian youth organisation names after?

A

Balilla- name associated with revolution and independence

46
Q

What was the OND?

A

National afterwork organisation- provided workers with sporting and social opportunities

47
Q

When was the ONB set up?

A

3rd April 1926

48
Q

When was the OND set up?

A

1925

49
Q

What sporting victories did the OND take credit for?

A

World Cup- 1934 & 1938

Boxing victories

50
Q

What was the role of ‘General Directorate for Cinema’?

A

Regulated films

51
Q

Who regulates films?

A

General Directorate for Cinema

52
Q

Give an example of a fascist propaganda film and give a brief description of its plot?

A

Pilot- about Italian pilots

53
Q

Name 2 places where you might here a fascist radio broadcast

A

1) In a restaurant

2) In the streets

54
Q

What was the Minculpop?

A

Ministry of popular culture

55
Q

What was the ministry of popular culture also known as?

A

Minculpop

56
Q

Name 2 things about M which didn’t appear in newspaper stories etc…

A

1) Stabbed kid in school

2) Anti-Catholic upbringing

57
Q

Explain 2 ways in which M linked himself and the regime to Ancient Rome

A

1) His comparisons of himself to Augustus Caesar in school education
2) Connections of Fascism to the Roman Empire- both great and successful

58
Q

What organisation were all artists expected to belong to?

A

Professional Syndicate of Artists

59
Q

What was the professional syndicate of artists?

A

The organisation all artists were expected to belong to

60
Q

Who was encouraged to develop ‘cultural autarky’ & what was it?

A

Musicians- avoid foreign influences- unique Italian music

61
Q

How many people were killed by Fascist regime?

A

2000

62
Q

What was the name of the Italian secret police?

A

OVRA

63
Q

What was OVRA?

A

The Italian secret police

64
Q

What high profile event took place in France in 1937?

A

Assassination of two Italian antifascists, the Rosseli Brothers

65
Q

When & where were the Roselli brothers murdered?

A

France- 1937

History Points Test- Consolidation of Power & Propaganda- A-level (1 decks)

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