POH R44 Incl Emergency Checks Flashcards
Power Fail >500’
(9)
1) Lower Collective & control yaw
2) Glide 70kts
3) Adjust Collective 97-108% RPM
4) Ldg Spot
5) Consider Restart
6) If not- Sw off unnecessary sw & Fuel Valve
(<500’ Don’t consider restart & keep speed)
7) 40’ Flare
8) 8’ Forward Cyclic Level Ship -
9) Raise Collective just before TD
(For <8’. Yaw & Settle then)
Engine Fire During Start
Crank & try start
If Starts run 60-70% for short time
Fuel Mix Off
Fuel Valve Off
Battery Off
Brake if time
Exit
Engine Fire in Flight
** Enter AR **
** Cabin heat off if time, Vent on **
If Engine Running -
Norm Ldg then-
Mix Off
Fuel Valve Off
If Eng Stopped-
Fuel Valve Off
AR
Batt Off
Brake if time
Exit
Electrical Fire in Flight
** Batt & Alt Off **
Open vents
Land Immediately
Fuel - Mix & Valve Off
Brake if time
Exit
Tacho Fail
Use remaining tacho to monitor RPM
Allow governor to control RPM
Land as soon as practical
Oil Warning
Indicates loss eng power or oil P
Check 1) Oil P gauges & 2) Oil T
If P Loss confirmed
Land Immediately
MR Temp
Indicates excessive T Main Rotor Gear Box
Land as soon as Practical
If secondary indication then Land Immediately
MR Chip
Metallic particles in MR gearbox
Land as soon as Practical
IF External indications. Land Immediately
TR Chip
Metallic particles in Tail Rotor
Land as soon as Practical
If external indications. Land Immediately
Low Fuel
10 mins left
3USG left
Clutch
Briefly is ok
>10s
Pull clutch cb
Land as Soon as Practical
Other indications- reduce power, Land Immediately
ALT
Turn off nonessential
Turn Alt sw off & on
If lt stays on, land as soon as practical
Starter on
Pull mix & Master sw off
Full throttle Warning
LOWER collective to extinguish
Low RPM
Include what causes it
Rotor Speed <97%
Roll throttle on
LOWER collective
Aft cyclic
Limitations
Instruments
Red
Red Hatch
Yellow
Red Operating Limit
Red Hatch Power off Vne
Yellow Precautionary or Special Proc Range
Vne
130 - 2,200lbs TOGW and Below
120 - Over 2,200lbs
110 - Do Not Exceed except in Smooth Air
100 - Doors Off / Power above MCP / Power off Vne
60-70 - Turbulence
70 - Autorotation
For Vne reductions see placard
Max Speed if Power Above MCP
Or if Doors are removed
100kias
Rotor Speed
Power On
101-102%
(R44s showing green arc 99-102%, can do 99%
Rotor Speed
Power Off
90-108%
Transient at lower ok
Power Plant
Engine speed %
Max
Max Transient
102%
105%
(Works PT 2 to 5)
Power Plant
Cylinder Head Max T
Oil T max
260C (Too sexy head) / 500F
118C (oily legs w snake) / 245F
Power Plant
Oil Q
7-9USQ
Weight Limits
Max Gross
Min Gross
2,400lbs
1,550lb
Weight
Max per seat
Baggage
300lb
50lb
C of G
Datum position
100” forward of main rotor shaft
Weights
Min for solo pilot
150lb
Max Operating Alt
Density Alt 14,000’
AGL 9,000’ to allow landing in 5 minutes in case of fire
Burn thro wall - engine to cabin
Fuel Used at School
100LL Blue
Avgas
Fuel Capacity Useable/Total
With Bladders
Main
Aux
Total
29.5USG +1
17USG + .2
46.5
Carb Icing
Yellow Arc on Dial
-19C to +3C (3mins past 7pm yellow time)
Definition
CAT
CHT
Carburetor Air T
Cylinder Head T
Balance
Moment=
Weight of item multiplied by its arm
Balance Definition
Standard Empty Weight
Basic Empty Weight
Standard- Heli Including unusable fuel, fluids, full Oil (Standard out of the box!)
Basic- Standard Empty Weight plus installed operational equipment (basic as customer wanted!)
Temperature
F= formula
And Shortcut
F= 9/5 (C) + 32
Shortcut
F=2C+32
Immediately After Start memory
Starter Light Out
Oil Pressure in 30s in Green
All Switches On
Clutch and Stopwatch
Engine 50-60%
Blades turn (5s… ish)
Radio Frequencies CYND
Gatineau Ground Advisory 122.6
Gatineau Radio 122.3
Traffic Advisory 126.7
Same but directly North of Gatineau 123.35
Dim
Length Heli
“ & m
459”
11.66m
Dim
Total Height
“ & m
129”
3.28 m
Dim
Radius Blade
“ & m
198”
5 m
Voltage R44
28V
Hover Checks
Skids Free
Controls Working
CofG in Limits
Warning Lights Out
Gauges in the Green
MaP
Area traffic wind
Engine
Lycoming O 540 F1 B1
6 Cylinder Horizontally Opposed
Direct Drive, Air Cooled
Carbureted, Normally Aspirated
260BHP at 2800rpm
Fuel Flow
Ticks Main & Aux
Endurance & Reserves Min
15USG/hr
Main Ticks every 30 minutes
Aux Tank Ticks every 15min
Endurance 3 hours
20 mins needed for Reserve
Vy
V Max Range
V Autorotation
55
100
70
Dimensions
Width (skids)
“ & m
86”
2.18m
BHP De-Rated
225 TOP
205 Max Con
Max Weight
2,400lb
Oil Used in School
W15W-50
Before Liftoff (13)
Doors & s/b
Governor & Hydraulics
RPM (101-102% Rotor)
W Lts Out
Gauges in the Green
Fuel in hours
Nav / Ldg Lts
Carb Heat Closed
Radio Preset & Baro *2
Area, Traffic & wind
After Take Off (5)
500’ AGL
Standard checks
MaP
Warning Lights
Gauges
Carb Heat
Traffic, Area, Wind
On Takeoff to Accelerate
Traffic & Area
Airspeed Alive 45kts
Positive Climb
Altimeter Alive
Approach
8
W Lights out
Gauges Green,
Fuel (in hours)
Nav / Landing lights
Carb H,
Radio setup & Baro *2
Traffic, Area & Wind
Autorotation
Minimum Rate of Descent
Kts / % / ‘/min / ratio
55kts/90%/ 1350’/min / 4:1
(55 don’t wanna go down so stay top of 5’s)
*airspeed 55 KIAS
*rotor RPM 90%
*minimum rate of descent possible is about 1350 ft per minute
*Ratio 4:1
or 1 nm per 1500 ft AGL
97% below 500’
Autorotation
Maximum Glide Configuration
Kts / % / ratio
90kts/90% / 4.7:1
*airspeed 90 KIAS
*rotor RPM 90%
*best glide ratio 4.7:1
1 nm per 1300 ft AGL
Minimum 97% below 500’
Stuck Pedal
Stabilizer Works at 70kts
At 60kts identify power to maintain S&L flight
>17” MaP - Left yaw - use collective to yaw
On landing control yaw with collective
If left yaw- raise collective
Pump collective to lose height
Yaw right - throttle off
Yaw left - pump
Mayday call format
M M M
Ident 3
Nature
Intentions
T- Position- Location, Alt, Speed, Direction, AND Souls Onboard
Ident1
How many feet in a Mile?
1 mile is 5,280’
How many feet in a nm
6,076’
Rotor Diameter
In feet
33’
Engine Cooling
Direct Drive Squirrel Cage Blower
ISA
29.92” of mercury
SL 15C
1.98C/1000’
Density Altitude
Pressure Alt corrected for T
Pressure Altitude
Alt indicated when 29.92” set
Where MaP measured at
Engine Intake Manifold
TOP means
& Time
Take Off Power
5 minutes
Critical Altitude
Alt at which full throttle produces max allowable power (MCP or TOP)
Mayday Definition
GRAVE AND IMMINENT DANGER
Life threatening & Imm assist required
A situation where safety is being threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
Pan Definition
THREAT TO SAFETY but not require Imm assist
A situation where the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight is threatened, but does not require immediate assistance.
1nm cf sm
1nm = 1sm + 15%
Do not exceed …. Except in smooth air
110
Indications of an Engine Failure
(4)
Change in noise
Nose Left Yaw
Oil pressure light
Decreasing engine RPM
Indication of Drive System Failure
(3)
Unusual noise or vibration
Nose right or left yaw
Decreasing rotor RPM while Engine RPM is increasing
Water landing power off
If time permits unlatch doors
Lateral cyclic to stop rotors
Water Landing power on
Hover
Unlatch doors
Passengers exit
Move
Sw battery off
Roll throttle off overtravel spring
Level & full collective as contact water
Lateral cyclic stop rotors
Loss Tail Rotor in Forward Flight
Including indication
Indication - Nose RIGHT Yaw
1) AR
2) >=70
3) Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, AR landing
(If no landing site- may be ok 70 vert stabiliser may permit controlled flight, however prior reduce speed, enter full AR)
Loss Tail Rotor in Hover
Imm roll Throttle off into overtravel spring
Settle
Raise collective just before t/d
Headset fail
No Low RPM Horn
Land as soon as practical
What’s lost if battery & Alternator off
Governor & Low RPM Horn
Hydraulic sys fail
Verify sw on
If not restored, sw off
Land as Soon as Practical
Governor Fail
Grip throttle firmly & sw off governor
Complete flight manual throttle control
What’s Low RPM light mean
What Do
Indicates rotor speed below 97%
Imm lower collective
Roll throttle on
& in forward flight aft cyclic
Signs of an engine failure (4)
Change noise level
Nose Left Yaw
Oil Pressure Light
Decreasing Engine RPM
Signs of Drive System Failure (3)
Unusual noise or vibration
Nose left or right Yaw
Decreasing rotor RPM while Engine RPM Increasing
If Lower Collective High Speed which way do you need to move Cyclic?
Aft
Nb- don’t apply aft cyclic during touchdown!
For rough guide
Fuel Gauges vs Flying Time
Full
Very Approximately
46 USG
About 3 hours
180 mins
For rough guide
Fuel Gauges vs Flying Time
Very Approximately
3/4 Full
35 USG
2hr 15
135 mins
For rough guide
Fuel Gauges vs Flying Time
Very Approximately
1/2 Full
23 USG
1hr 30
90 mins
For rough guide
Fuel Gauges vs Flying Time
Very Approximately
1/4 Full
11USG
45 mins
Autorotation Basics
Lower Collective (right foot & aft cyclic)
70kts
97-108% Rotor RPM
Landing Spot
Restart
Fuel Valve
40’ Flare
8’ Level
Raise Collective
Cruise Checks - Thomas is good
(10)
RPM (Rotor & Engine)
MAP
Warning Lights out
Gauges in the Green
Fuel check
Lights
Carb Heat (Gauge and Needed)
Baro Set *2 / Radio Preset
Traffic, Area & Wind
W & B
Male / Female Pax standard weights
Plus addition for winter
Male 206
Female 172
Plus 6 for winter
Need for Vertical t/o extra Manifold Pressure
3”
AR
Max Glide
Kts/ %
1nm / ?’
Ratio
<500’
90kts / 90%
1nm / 1300’
4.7/1
Once below 500’ 97%
AR
Min Rate
Kts / %
Ratio
1nm / ?’
Min rate ‘/min
<500’
55kts / 90%
4:1
1nm/ 1500’
Min rate possible 1350’/min
Once below 500’ 97%
Self check when on Approach Mention
Me only-
500’ AGL
Last set of checks
PA about circuit
D/w speed,
Approach v,
RoD on Approach
Circuit 80, approach 65
500’ 50kts
400’ 40kts
300’ 30kts
Etc
Aim and land at point. Don’t expect to hover taxi
Rem less than 300’/m below 30kts
What happens on takeoff from hover
Flapback 8-15kts.
RHS lift but gyro makes tip back
Induced Flow.
A/c pitches right. Back has small AoA front larger AoA. Gyro lifts left
What happens on takeoff from hover
Flapback 8-15kts.
RHS lift but gyro makes tip back
Induced Flow.
A/c pitches right. Back has small AoA front larger AoA. Gyro lifts left
Out of position here but
Name taxiways from 27 td
Think in head of map
B D A E
Radio Calls
Initial call for ‘complete’ departure
122.6
“Gatineau Ground Advisory, R44 FYRO”…. Hello
“FYRO (Location) On Main Ramp,
We will be doing an E bound departure climbing 1200’
Departing from the ramp staying South of the runway axis at all times”
“Tr & Altimeter & rw - Report ready- or -call GRadio”
No if just on field by C etc then may not give squawk, runway or Baro till depart later
Radio Calls
Initial call for Circuits
122.6
“Gatineau Ground Advisory, R44 FYRO”…. Hello go ahead
“FYRO (Location) On Main Ramp
We would like to do circuits”…….
Alt setting & Tr code & ?runway…….
“We will be taking position via A, FYRO” ..….
“FYRO Holding short of 27 on A”…..
“Contact Gatineau Radio 122.3”…..
“Gatineau Radio, R44 FYRO, holding short 27 at A, ready for departure”
…….
“Copy traffic, Taking position 27, FYRO”
Frequency
Traffic Advisory
East
North West Training Area
North Gatineau Training Area
126.7
123.45
123.35
Power failure 8’-500’
Lower Collective Immediately (control yaw)
RPM 97-108% (full down if can’t get over 97% if light)
Maintain airspeed until ground approaching then cyclic flare to reduce RoD & speed
At 8’ forward cyclic to level ship & raise collective just before t/d to cushion landing
Power Failure Below 8’
Apply right pedal
Allow a/c to settle
Raise collective just before t/d to cushion landing
Air Restart
Mix rich
Throttle closed then crack slightly
Actuate Starter with Left Hand
Speeds
Above 2,200lbs
120
Speeds
Below 2,200lbs
130
Speeds
Don’t exceed except in smooth air
110kts
Speeds
What’s reasons for max 100kts? (3)
Doors off
Power above MCP
Power off Vne
Speeds
Turbulence
60-70kts
Speeds
AR
70kts
Carb Heat
Expected at
-4C to +30C if Dew Pt & Temp within 15C
Basic Structure
Welded steel tubing and riveted aluminium sheets
Tail one is a monocoque structure
In which skin carries most primary loads
Cabin Structure
Fiberglass & thermoplastics
Rotor blades made of
Bearings lubrication
Each blade thick stainless steel spar. With honeycomb behind
Coning & teeter HINGES use Self lubricated bearings
Tail rotor made from
All metal blades
Aluminium skins
What is the Drive System
Vee belt sheave
Main gear box contains
A single stage spiral bevel gear set
Splash lubricated
Hydraulic System
Do….
Consists of…. (4)
(Eliminate cyclic and collective feedback forces)
Pump,
3 servos,
reservoir, and
interconnection lines.
Note about hydraulics electrics & switch
Electrical power is required to switch hydraulics off
Pulling cb only disables switch
If switch off battery and alternator, what still works?
Tachometers as long as clutch switch engaged
Do not stow helicopter with clutch sw engages- discharge battery
What’s the high rotor rpm set off at what rpm
108%
ELT details
Switch’s
G
Manual or automatic
Switch on unit and in cockpit
3-4 G
Automatic
Main Rotor Articulation
Free to teeter and cone rigid inplane
Drive System
Engine to upper sheave
Upper sheave to drive line
Drive to rotors
Engine to Upper Sheave- four double vee-belts
Upper sheave to drive line- sprag-type overrunning clutch
Drive line to main & tail rotor- spiral-bevel gears
What need for dispatch
Mentioned in manual
5
Alternator
RPM governor
Low rotor RPM warning system
OAT gauge
Hydraulic system
Flight prohibited with what selected off?
Exceptions
Governor
Except inflight system malfunction or emergency training
Prohibited maneovres
2
Aeros
Low G pushovers (apply after cyclic to recover)
Need for night flying
4+1 note
Landing lights
Nav lights
Instruments
Anti collision lights
(Orientation must be by observation of ground or ground lights)
Oil P green arc
55-95 psi ( pressure in retired!)
Oil T green arc
24-118C
75-245F
CHT green arc
93-260C
200-500F
Definition
Land Immediately
Land on nearest clear area
Where a safe normal landing can be performed
Definition
Land as soon as practical
Landing site is at pilots discretion
Based on nature of problem and available landing areas
Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended
Rotor mounting-
Blades to hub
Hub to shaft
All metal blades mounted to the hub by CONING HINGES
The hub mounted to the shaft by a TEETER HINGES
Coning & teeter hinges use Self lubricated bearings
