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PoG Flashcards

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1
Q

What Chromosomal condition is associated with XXY?

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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2
Q

What chromosomal condition is associated with Xo chromosomes?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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3
Q

What chromosomal condition is associated with XYY chromosomes?

A

Jacob’s Syndrome

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4
Q

What chromosomal condition is associated with XXX chromosomes?

A

Triple X Syndrome

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5
Q

When does sex differentiation take place?

A

At the beginning of the second trimester.

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6
Q

What is the Biosocial Constructionist Theory?

A

“The key to understanding sex differences and similarities is the division of labor in societies.”

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7
Q

What characterizes Epigenetics?

A

Biological mechanisms guide whether or not certain genes get expressed or activated. Markers turn on and off depending on environmental cues. (ex. marijuana use or alcohol use).

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8
Q

What is the Gene-by-Environment Interaction theory? And what are the 3 varieties?

A

A genetic tendency emerges under certain environmental circumstances, could be passive (more likely to adopt certain activities), evocative (one’s genetic tendency evokes specific treatment from others), or active (an individual’s genetic tendencies guide them to choose certain environments).

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9
Q

Which third sex regional group has a celebrated status?

A

Guevedoce of the Dominican Republic

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10
Q

According to research regarding gender differences in the size of human brains, one finding is that:

A

Male brains are generally larger in volume (about 11%).

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11
Q

Which genes/environment theory emphasizes the role of genetic markers in discussing the interplay between genes and environment?

A

Epigenetics

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12
Q

When was First Wave feminism and what issues were they concerned with?

A

1840’s-1920’s
Votes for Women, Property rights, educational/occupational equality

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13
Q

When was Second Wave feminism and what issues were they concerned with?

A

1960’s-1990’s
Workplace, inequalities, sexual violence, reproductive rights.

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14
Q

When was Third Wave feminism and what issues were they concerned with?

A

1990’s-Present
Intersectionality, third world feminism (mutilation in some populations, LGBTQ rights, Queer politics)

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15
Q

When was Fourth Wave feminism and what issues were they concerned with?

A

(2012), Intersectionality, internet tools, Women empowerment

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16
Q

What is the confronting prejudiced responses model?

A

Interpret as discrimination
Egregious episode?
Take responsibility to confront
Decide to confront
Confront

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17
Q

What are microaggressions

A

Common, everyday insults and indignities directed toward members of subordinate social groups.

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18
Q

What is the definition of unlawful harassment?

A

Unlawful Harassment based on a certain legally protected characteristic, objectively and subjectively (everyone recognizes it as offensive) offensive and unwelcome, sufficiently severe and/or pervasive to alter the terms, conditions or privileges of employment or education,
Unlawful harassment that creates a hostile environment is prohibited.

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19
Q

What is the double standard of aging?

A

Recognition and value tends towards older men.

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20
Q

When does the first pubertal sign occur in the Tanner Staging Model?

A

Stage 2

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21
Q

What is the women are wonderful effect?

A

People tend to view stereotypes about women more favorably than they view stereotypes about men.

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22
Q

In what cognitive performance domains is there a female advantage?

A

Reading and writing, vocab, verbal fluency, and spatial location memory

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23
Q

In what cognitive performance domains is there a male advantage

A

Verbal Reasoning, Small sex differences in specific mathematics domains (geometry/calculus based; 3D imaging), mental rotation ability, spatial perception and visualization.

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24
Q

What are the findings regarding achievement motivation differences between men and women?

A

No sex difference in persistence at tasks, difference in response to evaluation

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25
Q

Why are women underrepresented in STEM fields?

A

No overall difference in intellectual ability. Possibly the effect of overt and subtle discrimination, hiring biases work that against women, as well as potential differences in interests, values, and expectations, children’s academic attitudes and beliefs, and gendered family responsibilities.

26
Q

What were the 3 media stories shown in class? What happened to them afterwards?

A

Gillette Commercial, Bud light, Target Pride, they all lost a lot of money and value.

27
Q

What is the androcentric convention?

A

Male POV considered the norm

28
Q

When was the Family Proclamation given?

A

April 1995 Women’s Session

29
Q

What are some things the family proclamation says about Gender

A

“Gender is an essential characteristic of individual premortal, mortal, and eternal identity and purpose.”

“By divine design, fathers are to preside over their families in love and righteousness and are responsible to provide the necessities of life and protection for their families. Mothers are primarily responsible for the nurture of their children. In these sacred responsibilities, fathers and mothers are obligated to help one another as equal partners”

Gender is an essential characteristic of individual premortal, mortal, and eternal identity and purpose.

30
Q

What were the female favored differences in the Hyde report?

A
  1. Facial expression processing: infant. 2 Agreeableness
31
Q

What were the male favored differences in the Hyde report.

A
  1. Throw velocity 2. Throw distance
32
Q

What are the elements of WEIRD Science?

A

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (Not white)

33
Q

What is gender identity?

A

What you think of yourself as,
How do you feel, (women, man, genderqueer) People who are agender would not think of themselves as on the spectrum.

34
Q

What is gender expression?

A

How a person expresses themselves outwardly (Masculine, Feminine, or Androgynous

35
Q

What are some examples of Cisgender Privilege?

A

Being able to use public restrooms without fear of physical abuse, intimidation or fear
Not having to fear interactions with the police because of your gender identity.
You can walk through the world and generally blend in

36
Q

What are some examples of male privilege?

A

You can decide not to have children and not have your masculinity questioned
A decision to hire you won’t be based on whether you will have children in the near future
You can generally walk comfortably without fear of sexual harassment

36
Q

What are some examples of Heterosexual Privilege?

A

You can expect to share joint child custody
You can count on immediate access to your loved ones in the case of an emergency
You can easily find a neighborhood in which residents will accept the make up of your household
You don’t have to worry that people won’t let their children play with yours because of your sexuality

37
Q

What does Figure 2.4 talk about?

A

Researchers affected feedback manipulation (independent variable) and measured aggressive conditions (dependent variable). The effect was stronger for men than women based on gender status threat.

38
Q

What is Pearson’s correlation coefficient?

A

The “r” value measures the strength of a correlational relationship - range from -1.0 to 1.0

39
Q

What is Cohen’s statistic

A

The “d” value, or the effect size, quantifies the difference between two group means in standardized units. Can be more than one

40
Q

What makes up gender-fair research?

A
  1. Eliminating sex bias from sampling, avoiding men as the norm
    2.Use precise non-gender biased language in discussing findings
  2. Not exaggerating the magnitude or prevalence of sex differences
  3. Should not imply that sex differences are due to biological causes unless tested.
41
Q

What is intersexual selection?

A

traits evolutionarily developed to attract mates and “stand out from the crowd”. Peacock

42
Q

What is intrasexual selection?

A

Traits evolutionarily developed to directly compete with others. Bighorn sheep

43
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

Children learn gendered beliefs and preferences by observing and imitating models and by receiving reinforcement and punishment.

44
Q

What is cognitive developmental theory?

A

Children learn gender beliefs and preferences as they mature cognitively through a series of stages (gender identity, gender stability, and gender constancy).

45
Q

What is Gender Schema theory?

A

Children Develop Gender Schemas that filter and organize how they interpret, process, and remember gender-relevant information.

46
Q

What is Developmental In-group theory?

A

Once children identify with a given gender in-group, they evaluate it more positively than gender out-groups. Children learn early on that sex is a highly meaningful social group; adults can influence children’s stereotyping and in-group biases.

47
Q

What is Gender Self-Socialization model?

A

Gender identity, gender stereotypes, and gendered self-views are all cognitive associations that differ in strength. Because of people’s need for cognitive consistency, the strength of each association is influenced by the strength of the other associations. Ex: Strong gender identity of “I’m a girl” and endorsing gender stereotypes of “Girls are friendly” should lead others to develop gendered self-views of “I am friendly”.

48
Q

How is gender generally portrayed in media?

A

Male character leads outweigh female character leads especially when not human

49
Q

In recent years which words from the figure of General Conference are mentioned more and which are not mentioned at all

A

More: Motherhood, Family
Very little: Homemaker, Homemaking, Birth Control

50
Q

What is rank order accuracy and how does it relate to Figure 5.3

A

Accuracy of the relative sizes of sex differences.
People’s stereotypes about the sizes of sex differences reasonably accurately reflect the real sizes of these sex differences.

51
Q

When was the Civil Rights Act

A

1964

52
Q

What is not a protected class with respect to discrimination?

A

General appearance (ginger/red hair; blonde; skinny)
● Political affiliation (Trumper/bleeding liberal)
● Leadership or professional or parenting qualities
● School/degrees/educational attainment
● Socio-economic status
● Age - under 40; generational terms (millennial; boomer)

53
Q

What are the 4 types of stereotypes?

A

Positive: Favorable qualities
Helpful: Assist people in rapidly responding
Negative: Unfavorable Qualities
Harmful: Spurs people to respond unfairly or incorrectly

54
Q

What is benevolent sexism AKA Plan A

A

Subjectively Positive but Patronizing attitudes towards women who conform to traditional gender roles. Ex. assuming someone is a secretary or nurse based on their gender.

55
Q

What is hostile sexism

A

Negative, antagonistic attitudes towards people who violate traditional gender roles ex. Sexist language, aggressive or threatening comments

56
Q

What makes the Y Chromosome (male) the most vulnerable.

A

Does not have a duplicate so it has to fight for itself in the event of harmful mutations.

57
Q

What does matrilocal or patrilocal mean?

A

Matriolocal: Husbands typically live near their wives’ families
Patriilocal: Wives typically live near their husbands’ families

58
Q

What is a matrilineal society?

A

A societal structure through which they trace descent through the mother’s kindship line and pass inheritance down from mothers.

59
Q

What is the double jeopardy hypothesis?

A

Members of subordinate groups often experience discrimination and those who belong to two or more subordinate grouops will experience more discrimination than individuals who belong to one group.

Psychology of Gender (2 decks)

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