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Ground School > POF - Four Forces of Flight > Flashcards

POF - Four Forces of Flight Flashcards

1
Q

during flight, the four forces acting on the airplane are:

A

lift, weight, thrust, and drag

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2
Q

the four forces are in ___ during unaccelerated flight

A

equilibrium

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3
Q

is the upward force created by the effect of airflow as it passes over and under the wing

A

Lift

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4
Q

the airplane wing’s shape is designed to take advantage of what two principles?

A

Newton’s Law of Motion and Bernoulli’s principle

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5
Q

The reaction to downwash from the top surface of the wing and the airstream striking the wing’s lower surface causes an upward reaction in positive lift according to what law of motion?

A

newton’s third law of motion.

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6
Q

velocity increases, pressure decreases and vice versa refers to what principle

A

bernoulli’s principle

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7
Q

design factors which affect a wing’s lifting capability

A

planform, camber, aspect ratio, wing area

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8
Q

caused by the separation of airflow above the wing’s upper surface.

A

stall

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9
Q

stall always occur after the critical angle of attack regardless of:

A

air speed, flight attitude, or weight

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10
Q

total lift depends on the combined effects of

A

air speed and angle of attack

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11
Q

true or false: when speed decreases, you need to increase angle of attack to maintain the same amount of lift

A

true

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12
Q

include plain, split, slotted, and fowler

A

flaps

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13
Q

force of gravity which act vertically through the center of the airplane toward the center of the earth. opposite of lift

A

weight

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14
Q

forward acting force that opposes drag and propels the airplane

A

thrust

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15
Q

acts in opposition to the direction of the flight, opposes thrust, and limit the speed of the airplane

A

drag

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16
Q

drag caused by any aircraft surface which deflect or interfere with smooth airflow around the plane

A

parasite drag

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17
Q

true or false: if airspeed is doubled, parasite drag increases fourfold

A

true

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18
Q

drag generated by the airflow circulation around the wing as it creates lift

A

induced drag

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19
Q

phenomenon in which the earth’s surface restricts the downward deflection of the airstream from the wing, decreasing induced drag

A

ground effect

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20
Q

arrow which show the forces acting on an airplane

A

vectors

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21
Q

newtons first law

A

body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains moving at the same speed in the same direction.

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22
Q

newtons second law

A

f=ma

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23
Q

newtons third law

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

24
Q

any surface which provide aerodynamic force when it interacts with a moving stream of air

A

airfoil

25
Q

deflection of incoming airstream upward and over the wing

A

upwash

26
Q

angle formed by the chord line of the wing and relative wind

A

angle of attack

27
Q

downward deflection of airstream as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge

A

downwash

28
Q

part of the airfoil which meet meets airflow first

A

leading edge

29
Q

portion of airfoil where airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow

A

trailing edge

30
Q

characteristic curve of the airfoil’s upper and lower surfaces

A

camber

31
Q

imaginary line drawn through the leading edge and trailing edge

A

chord line

32
Q

airflow parallel to flight path

A

relative wind

33
Q

airplane stalls when critical angle of attack is exceeded regardless of:

A

airspeed, flight attitude, weight

34
Q

way to measure lift as it relates to angle of attack

A

coefficient of lift

35
Q

stall characteristics:

A

mushy feeling, stall warning device identified, slight buffeting of the airplane

36
Q

to recover from stall you must restore smooth airflow by

A

decrease angle of attack

37
Q

wing design factors

A

wing planform, camber, aspect ratio, and total wing area

38
Q

relationship between length and width of wing

A

aspect ratio

39
Q

total surface area of the wing

A

wing area

40
Q

refers to the shape of the wing

A

planform

41
Q

a. shape of wing ideal for slow speeds
b. shape of wing that has a tendency to stall first at wing root
c. shape of wing combined with rectangular and tapered configurations
d. shape of wing which include delta wings

A

a. elliptical
b. rectangular
c. tapered
d. sweptback

42
Q

angle between chord line and longitudinal axis of plane

A

angle of incidence

43
Q

consists of two metal strips attached to the leading edge of each wing near the fuselage to ensure positive control during a stall

A

stall strips

44
Q

true or false: drag is always a bi-product of lift

A

true

45
Q

pilot controls of lift

A

changing airspeed, changing angle of attack, usage of high-lift devices

46
Q

allows to steepen the angle of descent on an approach without increasing airspeed

A

flaps

47
Q

refers to the position of landing gear and flaps

A

configuration

48
Q

a. flap attached to the wing by a hinge.
b. flap hinged only to the lower portion of the wing.
c. flap that allows a portion of higher air pressure travel through a slot
d. flap attached to the wing by a track and roller system

A

a. plain flap
b. split flap
c. slotted flap
d. fowler flap

49
Q

a. drag related to the structure of the plane
b. drag when currents of air over an airplane meet and interact
c. drag caused by roughness of the airplane’s surface

A

a. form drag
b. interference drag
c. skin friction drag

50
Q

sum of parasite and induced drag

A

total drag

51
Q

true or false: ground effect is noticeable when height is approximately equal to the wingspan of the aircraft

A

true

52
Q

true or false: during unaccelerated flight, the four forces of flight are in equilibrium

A

true

53
Q

true or false: as airspeed increases, angle of attack at which airfoil stalls increases

A

false

54
Q

what is the aspect ratio of the wing below:

ws = 35ft
ac = 5ft
A 
ar = ws/ac
ar = 35ft/5ft
ar = 7ft
55
Q

pilot methods to control lift

A

change air speed, change angle of attack, use high lift devices

Ground School (6 decks)

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