Poetry Flashcards
Iambic (feet)
Unstressed - stressed
Trochaic
Stressed - unstressed
Spondaic
Stressed - stressed
Anapestic
Unstressed - unstressed- stressed
Dactylic
Stressed - unstressed - unstressed
Monometer
One foot per line
Pentameter
Five feet per line
Hexameter
Six feet per line
Enjambement
an enjambed line means the line continues a sentence without a pause beyond the end of that line or stanza (the pause is typically indicated through punctuation as most clauses and sentences terminate with punctuation as a boundary).
End stopping
an end-stopped line means the phrase, clause, or sentence is completed by the end of the line–often you see a piece of punctuation telling you to stop or pause significantly.
Caesura
a pause within a line of poetry, typically indicated by punctuation. Traditionally, this term meant a pause in the metrical pattern of the line.
Ambiguity
the presence of two or more ideas in a word, statement, image, or poem (ambiguity is another element that often characterizes poetry as a genre)
Setting
the time (season, time of day, historical period, etc.) and location (environment, indoors/outdoors, geography/culture) of what’s happening in the poem
Diction
The poet’s word choices
Conventional acrostic
First letter of each line spells out a word or phrase
Telestich acrostic
The last letter of each line is used to form a word of phrase
Golden shovel
The whole last word is used for the message
Limericks Poem
- Five line poem with a single stanza
- Telling a short playful tale with a comedic tone
AABBA rhythm theme
Prose poetry
- Can take many different shapes
- Novels, plays or paragraph shape
- Can look like a conversation
- TONS of figuratives language, sound devices etc - Full of imagery
Acrostic Poems
“Hidden” message within the poem
- Conventional
- Double
- Abecedarian
- Mesostich (word at the middle of the poem)
- Telestich (Last letter)
- The Golden Shovel (Whole last word)
Elegy
- Driven by lament - often about someone who’s died - also about a relationship or a feeling that died - generally written in first person
- Really lyrical
Sonnet
- Theme of love
- The Italian sonnet: 14 lines - Iambic pentameter / Broken into an octave and a sestet / Rhyme scheme: AABBAABBA CDECDE or ABBAABBA CDCDCD
- The English sonnet: 14 lines - Iambic pentameter / three quatrains and a couplet / Rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
- Modern form: most modern keep the 14 lines
Concrete Poetry
- Contain geometrical figures shape that add to the expression of the poem
- Verbivocovisual expression
Syllables - Letters - Punctuation - Spaces and empty spaces
Pantoum Poetry
Format:
Line A
Line B
Line C
Line D
Line B
Line E
Line D
Line F
Line E
Line C
Line F
Line A
Repetition
Quatrains
Changing ponctuation
2-3 stanzas (no limit for the modern one)
Villanelle Poetry
- Five tercets and a final quatrains
- The first and third lines of the first stanza repeat alternately in the following stanzas
- ABA rhyme scheme for tercets
- ABAA rhyme scheme for final quatrain
Ballad Poetry
- Oral storytelling set to music
- Used to tell stories, themes of religion, love, tragedy
- Often alternate four stress and three stress lines
- Show rather than tell
- Rhymed ABCB quatrains
Queer poetry
- No rules
Found Poetry
- Created from other written works, typically ones that people wouldn’t see as poetic.
- Two methods: Erasure or Cut Up
Cut Up: Collage
Erasure: blacks out or erase other words
Nature poetry
- Can be of any type of poetry
Chremamorphism
Attributing properties of inanimate objects to humans or animals
Symbol
An object, setting, event, animal, or person that on one level is itself, but that has another abstract or complex meaning as well beyond its literal meaning
Allusion
A reference to a historical, mythical, or literary person, place, event, text, etc. Outside of the poem
Euphemism
A type of understatement that substitutes for a word or image that might otherwise offend or hurt.
Exemple: “She was at rest” when speaking of death
Irony
Exemple: “I love when you drool on my pillow”
Litotes
Use negatives to suggest the affirmative
Metonymy
A directly related term is substitute for an object or idea.
Exemple: “We have remained loyal to the crown”
Synecdoche
A part of something is used to represent the whole
Ex: wheels for car or saying “lend me a hand”
Apostrophe
Oh!
- A writer or speaker addresses someone who is not present or is dead, or speaks to an inanimate object or abstract concept that cannot respond. EX: “Thank you, oven, for making this excellent bread!”
Anthimeria (or antimeria)
Using a word in a new grammatical form. Ex: “green tigering the gold”
Triolet
- Rhyme scheme: ABaAabAB
- Short, 1 stanza, 8 lines
- Usually satirical and humorous
Ekphrasis
Defined by its content
- Describing, interpreting, or inferring about something tangible
Ghazal
- Often performed in song and deals with a wide range of moods and themes
- Minimum of five couplets and max of 15
- no syllable requirement
Theme of romantic love or dealing with loss - Second line, or word or phrase in it, of each couplet repeats
- Last word of each couplet rhymes
