POD1 Flashcards
arteries
high pressure & pulse can be palpated
veins
pressure low
blood moved back to heart by valves & muscle contraction
tunica intima
inner layer
smooth, elastic, endothelial lining, forms valves too
tunica media
middle layer consists of muscle & elastic
thick & comprises bulk of vein
tunica adventicia
outer layer
areolar connective tissue
orders for IV should consist of
solution, additives, rate/volume of infusion
what can we do with IVs
- provide hydration
- blood
- medications
- replace electrolytes
- provide nutrition
types of IVs
- peripheral venous catheter
- central venous catheter (CVC, PICC)
isotonic
expands body’s fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one compartment to another
does isotonic have same osmolarity as blood
YES
when isotonic fluid infused it stays in
intravascular space & expands the intervascular volume
isotonic fluid often given as
maintenance infusions or increase BP
examples of isotonic fluids
- normal saline NS 0.9% sodium chloride
- ringers lactate RL
- D5W = dextrose 5% in water
- 2/3 1/3 = 3.3% dextrose, 0.3% sodium chloride
hypertonic (higher osmolarity than blood)
higher osmotic pressure = pull fluid from cells causing shrinking
fluid shifts from cells into vascular space = expanding circulating volume
hypertonic fluids can be used as
maintenance fluids & assist in decreasing edema
examples of hypertonic
- D5NS = dextrose 5% in 0.9% NCl
- D5 1/2NS = dextrose 5% in 0.45% NCl
- D10W = dextrose 10% in water
- D5RL = dextrose 5% in RL
hypotonic (lower osmolarity
less solutes than blood, cause water to move out of blood vessels & into cells & interstitial spaces (swell)
hypotonic fluids used for
treat cellular dehydration
not recommended for pt at risk for increased intracranial pressure
hypotonic examples
1/2NS = 0.45% NCl
1/3NS = 0.33% NCl
IV solution additives
potassium chloride
where can you find if a solution is hypo/hypertonic
on IV bag
nursing responsibilities for IV
- site assessment
- make sure IV solution & rate correct
- make sure bag not expired
- check tubing (96hrs)
- assess infiltration & phlebitis
common signs of infiltration
- cool skin @ site
- skin blanched, taut, feels “tight”
- edema at site
- discomfort/tenderness
- change in quality & flow of infusion
- frequent IV pump occlusion alarms
- IV fluid leaking from site
prevention of infiltration
- stabilization of catheter (dressings)
- proper admin techniques = patency of catheter & vein should be assessed frequently
- visually inspect & palpate site checking fro symptoms (edema, temperature, tenderness)