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MT12 (BB) Lecture > POCT > Flashcards

POCT Flashcards

1
Q

What does POCT stand for

The term was subsequently codified with the definition of what?

A

Point-of-Care Testing

The term “point-of-care testing” was subsequently codified with the definition of “testing at or near the site of patient care.”

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2
Q

what is the purpose of performing POCT

A

It is used to quickly obtain test results so that patients can receive the appropriate treatment as soon as possible.

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3
Q

Other names of POCT

A
  1. Near-patient testing
  2. Bedside testing
  3. Satellite testing
  4. Peripheral testing
  5. Decentralized testing
  6. Ancillary testing
  7. Alternate site testing
  8. Patient-focused testing
  9. Remote testing
  10. Mobile testing
  11. Physicians office testing
  12. Extra-laboratory
  13. Rapid diagnostics
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4
Q

Advantages of POCT

A
  1. Cheaper and quicker traditional diagnostic methods
  2. Can be used in resource limited settings.
  3. Reduced preanalytical and post analytic testing errors
  4. Small sample volume for a large test menu
  5. Easy to use and reduces the need for training.6.
  6. Rapid data availability
  7. Reduced patient’s length of stay and waiting times in the hospital.
  8. Convenience for clinicians
  9. Ability to test many types of samples
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5
Q

Disadvantages of POCT

A
  1. Concerns performance about inaccuracy, imprecision, and performance.
  2. Bedside laboratory tests performed by poorly trained non-laboratorians.
  3. Quality of testing is operator-dependent.
  4. Difficulty in integrating information system (HIS) test or results with hospitallaboratory information system (LIS); lack of connectivity.
  5. Narrower measuring range for some analytes.
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5
Q

10 commonly used point-of-care testing (POCT) devices in healthcare setting

A
  1. Blood Glucose Meters
  2. Cholesterol Checkers
  3. Uric Acid Testers
  4. ACT (Activated Clotting Time) Machines
  5. PT/INR Machines
  6. HbA1c Meters
  7. Lipid Profile Analyzers
  8. Cardiac Marker Devices
  9. Human Body Voltage Checkers
  10. Protein Analyzers
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6
Q

Blood Glucose Meters

A

These devices measure blood glucose levels, providing immediate results for diabetes management.

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7
Q

*

Cholesterol Checkers

A

These devices measure cholesterol levels, helping assess cardiovascular risk and guide treatment plans.

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8
Q

Uric Acid Testers

A

These devices detect uric acid levels in the blood, aiding in the diagnosis and management of gout.

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9
Q

ACT (Activated Clotting Time) Machines

A

These devices measure the time it takes for blood to clot, crucial for patients on anticoagulant therapy

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10
Q

PT/INR Machines

A

These devices assess the blood’s clotting ability, important for patients on blood thinners

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11
Q

HbA1c Meters

A

These devices measure average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, aiding in long-term diabetes management

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12
Q

Lipid Profile Analyzers

A

These devices provide a comprehensive lipid panel, including cholesterol and triglycerides, to evaluate cardiovascular health.

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13
Q

Cardiac Marker Devices

A

These devices detect markers of heart damage, such as troponin, to diagnose and manage heart attacks.

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14
Q

Human Body Voltage Checkers

A

These devices measure electrical activity in the body, useful for assessing nerve and muscle function.

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15
Q

Protein Analyzers

A

These devices measure protein levels in the blood, assisting in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.

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16
Q

Definition of POCT

A

Specimen analysis performed outside of the clinical laboratory setting.

Testing done at any place, where immediate results can be delivered, allowing assessment and management to be given swiftly

  • bedside
  • physician’s office
  • or any alternative site
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17
Q

REASSURED criteria by WHO

A

A = affordable
S = sensitive
S = specific
U = user friendly/simple to perform
R = real-time connectivity
E = ease of specimen collection
D = deliverable to those who need the test

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18
Q

3 primary stages in the POCT process

Specimen Requirements and Procedures

A
  1. pre-analytical
  2. analytical
  3. post-analytical
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19
Q

occurs before running the POCT on asample; involves collection, transport, preparation,and loading

A

Pre-analytical

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20
Q

actual testing sequence of a POCT is conducted

A

Analytical

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21
Q

begins when testing is complete,and an obtained result is available

A

Post-analytical

22
Q

Pre-analytical errors

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

mistake(s) of MT’s usually commit

A

o Lack of preparation of the patient
o Lack of information about the patient’s condition
o Inappropriate sampling technique
o Wrong or missing additives to blood
o Mishandling and/or mislabeling of patient specimen
o Specimen contamination
o Degradation of specimen due to delays in specimen processing

Mishandling and/or mislabeling of patient specimen

23
Q

Post-analytical errors

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

A

o Misreporting patient result
o Recording wrong patient test results
o Lost data
o Delayed reporting of critical results

24
Q

Analytical errors

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

A

o Broken device
o Expired
o Wrong test kit
o Contaminated
o Invalid reaction
o Battery deadead
o Error indevi

25
Q

Factors in influencing errors and problems

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTINTESTI

A

o The setting (practice, hospital, etc.) and
o The extent to which the instrument is within a network.

26
Q

Factors irrelevant for POCT

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

mostly unnecessary, as whole blood is used.

A
  1. Transport
  2. storage
  3. centrifugation

Evaluation of the test material

27
Q

The greatest importance in the pre-analytical process

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

A

**correct collection of the sample **

28
Q

What results in cconstant probing of samples

IMPORTANT PRE- AND POST-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN POCT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

A

Clotting of sample

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q

POCT is accomplished using

A

portable instruments

32
Q

Many point-of-care test systems are in the form of

A

easy-to-use membrane-based test enclosed by a plastic test cassette

it is to avoid contamination as contamination results to false reactions

33
Q

Parameter of Pregnancy testing

Sample

A

HCG (Human Craionic Gunatrotopin)

Urine & Sebum

34
Q

Parameter of Urine Dipstick Analysis

SSample

A
  1. Ascorbic acid
  2. glucose
  3. bilirubin
  4. ketone
  5. SG, blood pH
  6. protein
  7. urobilinogen
  8. leukocytes
  9. nitrite

Urine

35
Q

Parameter of Microalbumin screening

Sample

A

Albumin

Urine

36
Q

Parameter of Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

Sample

A

Hemoglobin

Stool

37
Q

POCT DEVICES

A
  1. Single-use qualitative strip or cartridge and/or strip devices
  2. Dipsticks/Urine strips
  3. Test kits
38
Q

A wide range of devices, including single pad urine test(dipsticks) and test kits

A

Single-use qualitative strip or cartridge and/or strip devices

39
Q

generally dried, porousmatrices with impregnated carrier elements that interactwith the analyte(s) when exposed; chemical reactionusually results in a color change

A

Dipsticks/Urine strips

40
Q

utilizes a layer of supporting materials, suchas porous paper of cellulose fiber filters or wovenmeshes; Example: home pregnancy test

A

Test kits

41
Q

difficult peeing

A

anuria

42
Q

Reaction time of Ascorbic acid, Glucose, and Bilirubin in a Dipstick/Urine Strips

A

30 seconds

43
Q

Reaction time of Ketones in a Dipstick/Urine Strips

A

40 seconds

44
Q

Reaction time of specific graviin a Dipstick/Urine Strips

A

45 seconds

45
Q

Reaction time of pH, Protein, Blood, Urobilinogen, Nitrite,and Albumin in a Dipstick/Urine Strips

A

60 seconds

46
Q

Reaction time of Leukocyte esterase in a Dipstick/Urine Strips

A

120 seconds

47
Q
  • Use antibodies to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that can be detected in the urine.
A

Pregnancy Test Kits

  • Specimen: First morning urine
  • Principle: Lateral flow technology
48
Q

utilizes a combination of antibodies including amonoclonal hCG antibody to detect elevated levels of hCG

A

Test line

49
Q

composed of goat polyclonal antibodies andcolloidal gold particles

A

Control line

50
Q
  • Detects hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum or plasma
A

HBsAg Test Kit

  • Sample: Serum/Plasma
  • Principle: Sandwich immunoassay
51
Q
  • A lab test used to check stool samples for hidden (occult) blood
  • Occult blood may indicate colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum
  • Can only detect the presence or absence of blood – it cannot determine what’s causing the bleeding
A

Fecal Occult Blood Test

52
Q

They include a meter or monitoring device thereby enabling for the detection and quantification of analytes

A

Single-use quantitative cartridge and strip test with monitoring devices

MT12 (BB) Lecture (1 decks)

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