Pocket Prep review Flashcards
Metabolic alkalosis
A condition that occurs when blood becomes overly alkaline.
Alkaline is the opposite of acidic.
Causes bradypnea, which is a reduction in the rate and depth of respirations.
carina
The trachea divides into the two main bronchi at the anatomical point known as the carina. This ring of cartilage appears just superior to the bifurcation of the bronchi into the right and left lungs.
Addison’s disease and Cushing’s disease
endocrine disorders caused by pituitary gland and adrenal gland abnormalities.
Graves disease
is an endocrine disorder caused by thyroid gland abnormalities.
GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
A disorder of the gastrointestinal system.
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing rate.
Bradycardia
slower than normal heart rate
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
depress central nervous system & alter level of consciousness
Does not treat pain directly, but alter the perception of pain.
- diazepam (Valium)
- alprazolam (Xanax)
- lorazepam (Ativan)
- ketamine
- phenobarbital.
Narcotic Analgesic
Morphine treats pain directly.
Effects similar to sedative-hypnotic drugs.
Opiate-based and considered a narcotic analgesic.
Sterilization
a process that eliminates all forms of life & biological agents.
Disinfection
eliminates nearly all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g., bacterial spores) on inanimate objects.
Decontamination
Reduces microbial contamination
so that infection transmission is eliminated.
Cleaning
the process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment.
evisceration
an abdominal injury in which organs protrude from the peritoneum.
subluxation injury
an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ.
avulsion
an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue (usually between the subcutaneous layer and fascia) so they become completely detached or hang as a flap. Significant bleeding is common. If possible, replace the avulsed flap in its original position as long as it is not visibly contaminated. If the avulsion is detached, the piece should be wrapped in sterile gauze and transported with the patient.
circumflex
a branch of the left coronary artery, which supplies blood to the heart muscle. It is not part of the conduction system.
Cystitis
a urinary tract infection of the bladder.
Kyphosis
the forward curling of the back caused by an increased curvature of the spine.
Renal calculi
kidney stones. If a stone blocks a ureter, pressure will build behind the stone, and the kidney will swell.
Pericardium
The pericardium is the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart. If this sac fills with blood or fluid, cardiac tamponade occurs.
myocardium
the muscle tissue of the heart.
peritoneum
The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
mediastinum
is a space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, and many nerves.
dark red and flows steadily from a wound.
Venous bleeding
Ventricular fibrillation
a dangerous type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. It affects your heart’s ventricles.
unilaterally fixed and dilated pupil
abnormal respirations
bradycardia
widening pulse pressure
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) increases
Ventricular tachycardia
a fast, abnormal heart rate. It starts in your heart’s lower chambers, called the ventricles. VT is defined as 3 or more heartbeats in a row, at a rate of more than 100 beats a minute. If VT lasts for more than a few seconds at a time, it can become life-threatening.
subdural hematoma
is a buildup of blood on the surface of the brain. hey often present more slowly; acute symptoms usually develop gradually one to two days after the initial injury.
Hepatitis
a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, and it may result from either infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms) or noninfectious (alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases) causes.
somnolent
sleepy; drowsy.
urticaria
Hives (urticaria) are red, itchy welts that result from a skin reaction.
cholecystitis and gallstones
ulcers/GERD
appendicitis
pancreatitis
gastroenteritis
Sudden-onset abdominal pain and tenderness indicate acute abdomen
Kidney stones (renal calculi) will most likely result in
flank or lower back pain, not abdominal pain.
Pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins
aorta
Oxygenated blood is then pumped from the left ventricle to the body via the aorta.
Deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the right atrium via…
the superior and inferior vena cava.
Pulmonary edema
Wet Lung
Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema.
How do you say bradypnea?
bruh·dip·nee·uh
bradypnea
a reduction in the rate and depth of respirations.
capillary cellular exchange
cells give up carbon dioxide and obtain oxygen from the capillaries, which accept the yielded carbon dioxide.
Asystole
unresponsive to electrical stimulation
dyspnea
dysp·ne·a
/dispˈnēə/
difficult or labored breathing.
Peripheral edema
Swelling of your lower legs or hands.
What Posts are including in Car Terminology?
engine compartment, trunk, roof, driver side, passenger side, A post, B post, and C post.
hemiplegia & hemiparesis
paralysis of one side of the body.
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing or an inability to swallow
cricoid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage is a firm ring that is located inferior to (below) the thyroid cartilage at the lowest portion of the larynx.
Biggest difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)?
biggest differences between HHNS and DKA are blood glucose levels (higher in HHNS) and the presence of ketones (absent in HHNS).
Ketones
Chemicals made in your liver.
You produce them when you don’t have enough of the hormone insulin in your body to turn sugar (or “glucose”) into energy.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
antiseizure medication used for the management of epilepsy.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Antidepressants.
The most common SSRIs include:
- fluoxetine (Prozac)
- paroxetine (Paxil)
- citalopram (Celexa)
- sertraline (Zoloft)
tracheitis
acute bacterial infection of the subglottic area of the upper airway
pallor
pale skin tone
paresthesia
numbness feeling
