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HISTO > Po Lec last quiz > Flashcards

Po Lec last quiz Flashcards

1
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Basis of streopsis

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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2
Q

BINOCULAR VISION

neurologic problem

A

Cerebral palsy

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3
Q

BINOCULAR VISION

involuntary movement of the eye, usually observed as jerky movements (bouncing movement)

A

Nystagmus

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4
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Not the causes, rather these are the contributing factors

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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5
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Conditions that can contribute to poor binocular vision are:
Anisometropia
Astigmatism
Nearsightedness
Myopia
Farsightedness
Hyperopia
Nystagmus- involuntary movement of the eye, usually observed as jerky movements (bouncing movement)
Cerebral palsy- neurologic problem
Cataracts

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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6
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Impairment will result to loss of stereoscopic vision, depth perception, and deviations and misalignments of the eye (strabismic and tropia patiens)

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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7
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

The state of simultaneous vision, which is achieved by the coordinated use of both eyes, so that separate and slightly dissimilar images arising in each eye are appreciated as a single image by the process of fusion

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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8
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Brain function or cortical function, because you have two eyes using both of them at the same time will result to binocular vision

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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9
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS WITH ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON

Occurs in the cortex where images from each eye is fused together to create a single, clear image through a highly coordinated organization of the motor and sensory processes

A

BINOCULAR VISION

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10
Q

NOT the same as BINOCULAR VISUAL FIELD (overlapping of monocular visual fields), BINOCULAR VISION (simultaneous vision of both eyes)

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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11
Q

Each eye sees slightly different spatial information and transmits these differences to the brain. The brain then uses the discrepancies between the two eyes to judge distance and depth. The result is the ability to see a 3-D image and distinguish the relationships between objects.

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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12
Q

there is slight difference of spatial information (objects on space, when this light coming from the objects is incident on our eye) is because the slight difference on how our eyes view these objects.

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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13
Q

the slight difference on the image is brought by the slight difference in the location of the eye as how it perceives the object.

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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14
Q

the slight distance of the right eye and left eye causes the slight image

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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15
Q

The two eyes receive slightly disparate views of objects due to being separated horizontally by around 6 cm (binocular parallax). This disparity can be used to signal the relative depth of objects.

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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16
Q

disparity is used a signal to identify depth perception

A

BINOCULAR VISION PROCESS

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE Binocular Vision Advantages

A

Single vision
Enlargement of the field of vision
Compensation for blind spot and other differences
Depth Perception & Stereopsis

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18
Q

BINOCULAR VISION THEORY

states that existence of corresponding retinal elements with their common relative subjective visual direction is the essence of binocular vision

A

Law of Sensory Correspondence

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19
Q

BINOCULAR VISION THEORY

corresponding retinal points are points on the retina that has a common fixation object / visual direction

A

Law of Sensory Correspondence

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20
Q

(retinal elements of the two eyes that share a common subjective visual direction)

A

Corresponding Retinal Points / Normal Retinal Correspondence

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21
Q

Non-corresponding are same points on the retina that do not have common fixation point

A

Non-corresponding / Disparate Retinal Points/ Abnormal Retina Correspondence

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22
Q

the area on one retina such that any point in it will fuse with a single point on the other retina

A

Panum’s Fusional Area

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23
Q

the allowance between the corresponding retinal point and non-corresponding retinal point, where the stimulation on the other side will allow the brain to fuse the image.

A

Panum’s Fusional Area

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24
Q

within the retina

A

Panum’s Fusional Area

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25
Q

the region in space surrounding a horopter in which images that appear at different points on the two retinas appear as single images

A

Panum’s Fusional Zone / Space

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26
Q

equivalent on the space, little outside the space then it will still be fused

A

Panum’s Fusional Zone / Space

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27
Q

within the space

A

Panum’s Fusional Zone / Space

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28
Q

refers to the locus of points in space seen singly by the two eyes (images on corresponding retinal points) at a given fixation distance; specific points on the retina projected to definite single points in space within the field of single binocular vision

A

HOROPTER

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29
Q

If the objects are in the horopter the brain will be able to fuse it

A

HOROPTER

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30
Q

is an abstract eye that represents the visual axes of the two eyes by a single axis of perceived direction

A

CYCLOPEAN EYE

31
Q

visual axis is the intersection of 3 points from the fovea to the point of fixation (through nodal point)

A

CYCLOPEAN EYE

32
Q

Imaginal representation of the fusion of the visual axes (right and left) into the cyclopean eye

A

CYCLOPEAN EYE

33
Q
A
34
Q

Binocular vision the ability to use both eyes at the same time, if you are to fuse these images you now have single binocular vision

A

SINGLE BINOCULAR VISION REQUIREMENTS

35
Q

Fused seeing one image with two eyes

A

SINGLE BINOCULAR VISION REQUIREMENTS

36
Q

attended by accommodation

A

Clear Visual Axis

37
Q

the ability to appreciate two similar images, one with each eye and interpret them as one. For sensory fusion to occur, the images not only must be located on corresponding retinal areas but also must be sufficiently similar in size, brightness and sharpness.

A

Sensory fusion

38
Q

the ability to coordinate / align the two eyes for all direction of gazes so that sensory fusion can be maintained. The stimulus for these fusional eye movements is retinal disparity and the eyes moving in opposite direction (vergence). It is the exclusive function of the extrafoveal retinal periphery.

A

Motor fusion

39
Q

If the image is not corresponding to the corresponding retinal point (to that point of the other eye), not at the fovea, the extraoculomotors will adjust so that there will be single binocular vision

A

Motor fusion

40
Q

SINGLE BINOCULAR VISION KINDS

when the images of the fixated object are bifoveal (projected from the fovea of both eyes) and there is no manifest deviation (the eyes is not deviating from the gaze).

A

NORMAL

41
Q

SINGLE BINOCULAR VISION KINDS

when the images of the fixated object are projected from the fovea of one eye and an extrafoveal area of the other eye i.e. when the visual direction of the retinal elements has changed. A small manifest strabismus is present.

A

Anomalous

42
Q

SINGLE BINOCULAR VISION KINDS

there will be noncorresponding retinal points because the image on the fovea of the eye will be different from the image on the fovea of the other eye because of the deviation of the eye.

A

Anomalous

43
Q

Anomalous

double vision resulting from simultaneous stimulation of non-corresponding or disparate retinal elements by an object point causes this point to be localized in two different subjective visual directions

A

DIPLOPIA

44
Q

Anomalous

we have one fixation, the object of regard on the left eye is the same as the object of regard of the right eye

A

DIPLOPIA

45
Q

Anomalous

If there is a deviation, if your right eye instead of the fovea on the temporal side moves outward, the point of fixation of the left eye is different from the point of fixation of the right eye (at temporal or extrafovea) resulting two visions.

A

DIPLOPIA

46
Q

Anomalous

experience when also sleepy

A

DIPLOPIA

47
Q

Anomalous

simultaneous excitation of corresponding retinal areas by dissimilar objects making fusion impossible then leads to confusion.

A

RETINAL / BINOCULAR RIVALRY

48
Q

Anomalous

will not be fused

A

RETINAL / BINOCULAR RIVALRY

49
Q

Anomalous

the sensory dominance of the one eye to temporarily suppress / inhibit the retinal stimulation of the other eye to prevent confusion or diplopia. Said to be a neuro-physiological active inhibitory mechanism.

A

SUPPRESSION

50
Q

Anomalous

If there is manifest, the other normal eye is not always the dominant eye. Sometimes the eye you sought which is deviating as the non-dominant eye it may appear to be the dominant eye.

A

SUPPRESSION

51
Q

Anomalous

Esotropia - manifest deviation inward
Exotropia - manifest deviation outward

A

STRABISMUS

52
Q

Anomalous

Convergence insufficiency - unable to maintain near work, too much near work after a period of time
Divergence excess - when you look at near, the eye cannot move at near, the eyes cannot converge

A

VERGENCE

53
Q

Anomalous

Refractive - can be anisometropia etc.
Strabismic

A

AMBLYOPIA (lazy eye)

54
Q

Anomalous

Result of strabismus

A

AMBLYOPIA (lazy eye)

55
Q

VERGENCE

unable to maintain near work, too much near work after a period of time

A

Convergence insufficiency

56
Q

VERGENCE

when you look at near, the eye cannot move at near, the eyes cannot converge

A

Divergence excess

57
Q

STRABISMUS

manifest deviation inward

A

Esotropia

58
Q

STRABISMUS

manifest deviation outward

A

Exotropia

59
Q

The ability to see objects in three dimension, including their size and distance - relative distance of objects with an apparent physical displacement between the objects

A

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

60
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

Bifoveal retinal correspondents

A

Corresponding retinal points

61
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

image on the fovea is the same as the image on the other eye.

A

Corresponding retinal points

62
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

possible with motor fusion, sensory fusion and accommodation and clear VA

A

Corresponding retinal points

63
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

you are able to gaze the distances and dimension of the object

A

Binocular disparity

64
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

Non-corresponding points are not needed for fusion but it is helpful with stereopsis, it allows us to see and perceive depth

A

Integration of information from corresponding and disparate retinal points

65
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

  • Fusion
    Streopsis
A

BINOCULAR CUES

66
Q

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS

There is depth perception because there is single binocular vision, there is retinal disparity and the integration of corresponding and non-corresponding retinal points
Is there NO depth perception if you only see with one eye?
No, there is still depth perception because of what we call monocular cues

A

MONOCULAR CUES

67
Q

WHAT ARE THE MONOCULAR CUES:

A

Relative size / retinal image size
Interposition / overlapping of objects
Linear perspective
Aerial Perspective
Light and Shade
Monocular movement parallax

68
Q

MC THAT ALLOW RELATIVE DISTANCE AND DEPTH

A

Linear perspective
Aerial Perspective
Light and Shade
Monocular movement parallax

69
Q

MC THAT ALLOW RELATIVE DISTANCE AND DEPTH

head move from side to side, objects at different distances move at a different relative velocity, closer objects move “against” the direction of the head movement and father objects move “with” the direction of the head movement

A

Monocular movement parallax

70
Q

For learning especially on children
For driving and navigating roads
For athletes to reach their full potential
For certain job that requires good depth perception

A

DEPTH PERCEPTION AND STEREOPSIS IMPORTANCE

71
Q

Refers to the threshold measure of the acuteness of this depth perception

A

STEREOACUITY

72
Q

Provides an indication of the level of sensory binocularity an individual has

A

STEREOACUITY

73
Q

TESTS FOR STEREOACUITY

A

Random Dot Stereo
Titmus Fly- 3D glasses basis is streopsis

HISTO (3 decks)

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