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Neuranatomy PNS > PNS WI18- Dermatomes, Receptors And Reflexes > Flashcards

PNS WI18- Dermatomes, Receptors And Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Strip of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

A

Dermatomes

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2
Q

Cord levels and cutaneous area of innvervation:

  1. C5
  2. C6
  3. C7.
  4. C8
  5. T4
  6. T10
  7. L5
  8. S1
  9. S2
A
  1. Upper arm (lateral)
  2. Thumb and lateral forearm
  3. Middle finger
  4. Little finger
  5. Nipple
  6. Umbilicus
  7. Big toe
  8. Heel
  9. Back of thigh
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3
Q

Definition: A cell that respond to a stimulus

A

Sensory receptor

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4
Q

Definition: Territory from which a sensory unit can excited.

A

Receptive field

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5
Q

Definition: The receptor, all endings and motor unit combined.

A

Sensory unit

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6
Q

What is the relationship between the receptive field and sensory unit?

A

The receptive field is the area where the sensory unit can be stimulated

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7
Q

What is the correlation between the size of the receptive field and sensitivity?

A

Larger receptive fields are in areas less sensitive

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8
Q

Sensory transduction is described as?

A

Stimulus into an electrical signal

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9
Q

Discriminative touch and kinesthetic stimuli are carried by which type of axon

A

Myelinated Type A

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10
Q

Pain, touch and temperature are carried by what type of axon?

A

Unmyelinated type c

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11
Q

Rapidly adapting receptors is also know as phasic. How is it described?

A

Receptors that respond quickly and maximally and stop when stimulus continues

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12
Q

Slowly adapting receptors are also known as tonic. How are they described?

A

Receptors continue to respond to stimulus as long as its there.

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13
Q

Receptor classification by source:

Stimuli from outside environment

A

Exteroceptors

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14
Q

Receptor classification by source:

Stimuli from internal environment

A

Interoceptors

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15
Q

Receptor classification by source:

Receptor for position sense

A

Proprioceptors

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16
Q

Receptor classification by function:

Receptor for pain/noxious sensation

A

Nocieceptors

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17
Q

Receptor classification by function:

Temperature receptor

A

Thermoreceptor

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18
Q

Receptor classification by function:

Physical deformation receptor; physical change

A

Mechanoreceptors

19
Q

Receptor types:

Free ending receptors

A

Free endings

Follicular

Merkel cell

20
Q

Receptor types:

Encapsulated receptor types

A

Meissner’s
Ruffini’s
Pacinian

21
Q

Receptor types:

Receptor type for pain and temperature that is slow adapting

A

Free endings

22
Q

Receptor types:

Receptor type that are wrapped around hair follicles, are activated when hair is moved and are rapid adapting.

A

Follicular

23
Q

Receptor type:

Receptor type that serves as an edge detector, allowing you also know how much pressure to apply to thing.

It is Slow adapting

A

Merkel

24
Q

Receptor type that is located in the dermis, in the papillae and respond to light touch.

It is rapid adapting

A

Meissner

25
Q

Receptor types that requires significant force to respond and respond to shearing forces against the body like heavy winds.

It is is slow adapting

A

Ruffini’s

26
Q

Receptor type that is deeper within the dermis and responds to vibration.

It is rapid adapting

A

Pacinian

27
Q

Definition: predictable sensory to motor response to a stimulus.

A

Reflex

28
Q

Reflexes are unconscious. In animals the sensory and motor limbs are the same branch. Is that the case with humans?

A

No, humans need branches for each limb

29
Q

How would you describe the motor innervation of areas that perform intricate vs gross movement?

A

Motor units are required in intricate movements and less in areas with more gross movement.

30
Q

T/F: Muscle spindles are a type stretch receptor

A

True

31
Q

Muscle spindle that is a typical skeletal muscle fiber, voluntary and innervated by alpha motor neuron

A

Extrafusal (fibers outside the spindle)

32
Q

Muscle spindle fiber that is inside the spindle which has end that contract but the middle doesn’t.

It is multinucleated.

A

Intrasfusal

33
Q

When the nuclei inside the intrafusal fiber are lined up, it is referred to as?

A

Nuclear chain

34
Q

When the nuclei in the intrafusal fiber are bunched together, it is referred to as ?

A

Nuclear bag

35
Q

Where does the motor innervation of of the intrafusal fibers come from?

A

Gamma motor neurons (stretch)

36
Q

What are two types of sensory fibers types around muscle spindle?

A

Annulospiral: around the middle of spindle

Flower spray: spreads out to junction of contractile and nuclear part of the muscle fiber

37
Q

Primary/annulospiral endings sensory supply to muscle spindle account for?

A

Rate of stretch (speed)

38
Q

Secondary/ flower spray endings sensory supply to to muscle spindle accounts for ?

A

Degree of stretch

39
Q

Active activation of muscle spindles is produced by ?

A

Fusimotor fibers

40
Q

Examples of passive activation of muscle spindles

A

Knee jerk-tendon stretched

Monosynaptic-excitatory

Polysynaptic- inhibitory antagonistic muscle

41
Q 
What is 
• Found at muscle-tendon junctions 
• Measures the force of the contraction 
• Autogenic inhibition 
• Protects muscle from excessive contraction • Fine adjustments in the force of muscle contraction
A

Golgi tendon organ

42
Q

Innervation of joints in the ligaments, capsules and menisci is done by?

A

Free ending unmyelinated nerve fibers

Excitatory reflex

43
Q

Flexor/withdrawal reflex involves the whole limb, therefore several spinal segments. Define the crossed effects.

A

Simultaneous and opposite pattern of activity in the contralateral limb

Neuranatomy PNS (3 decks)

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