PNS - Exam 2 Flashcards
The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is a purely _______ nerve. It is composed of two nerves: the __________ and _________ nerves.
- sensory
- vestibular
- cochlear
The vestibular nerve terminates in the __________________________, which consists of four parts (superior, medial, lateral, inferior).
Fibers carried in the vestibular nerve arise from cell bodies located in the __________________ (which has inferior and superior parts).
- vestibular nuclear complex
- vestibular ganglion
The cochlear nerve terminates in two _________________ (anterior and posterior) which are located on the ________________________ which is lateral to the ________________.
The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from the _____________________.
- cochlear nuclei
- posterior, superior medulla oblongata
- vestibular nuclei
-spiral ganglion
The cochlear nerve is made up of bipolar neurons whose cell bodies are in the ______________ of the ____________. Peripheral processes extend from the ____________ to the _______________ (organ of _____).
Axons carried in the cochlear nerve terminate on the two cochlear nuclei. From the cochlear nuclei, axons _______________ of the brainstem and synapse in the _____________.
- spiral ganglion
- cochlea
- spiral ganglion
- spiral organ (organ of Corti)
- cross to the other side
- trapezoid nuclei
Peripheral processes from the vestibular ganglion extend to three inner ear structures: _____________, ______________, and ____________.
Central processes from the vestibular ganglion convey information to the __________________, located in the _____________ on the floor of the _______________.
Most vestibular nerve fibers will terminate in the ______________ (or the nucleus of _______).
- saccule
- utricle
- semicircular canals
- vestibular nuclei
- medulla oblongata
- rhomboid fossa
- medial vestibular nuclei
- Schwalbe
The apparent origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve is in the ________________________.
cerebellopontine angle
The cochlear nerve carries ____________ fibers. It traverses the internal acoustic meatus __________ to the facial nerve. After it leaves the temporal bone, it reaches the ______________ of the cochlea.
- 30-40,000
- inferior
- spiral ganglion
The vestibular nerve carries _________ fibers. As it approaches the ear, it divides into _________ and ________ branches.
The __________ inferior branch is composed of the ___________ nerve and the ____________ nerve which supply the ___________ and the ________________.
The _________ superior branch is formed by the _______________________ which supply the ____________________.
The ____________ is supplied by a branch from the lateral ampullary nerve and a branch directly off the superior branch. The superior branch also sends a branch directly to the ________, and this nerve is called _______ nerve.
- 20,000
- superior and inferior
- smaller
- saccular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve
- saccule and the posterior ampullary crest
- larger
- lateral and anterior ampullary nerves
- lateral and anterior semicircular canals
- utricle
- saccule
- Voit’s nerve
Tinnitus can be the first sign of __________ disease.
Three symptoms of this disease are:
-Meniere’s
- vertigo
- tinnitus
- hearing loss
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) carries _______, _______, and _______ fibers; therefore, it is a _______ nerve.
It carries motor innervation to the _________ muscle, sensory information to the ________ including taste information from the ___________, and parasympathetic information leading to the ___________ gland.
- motor
- sensory
- autonomic
- mixed
- stylopharyngeus
- pharynx
- posterior tongue
- parotid
The motor fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from cell bodies located in the ______________.
superior part of the nucleus ambiguus
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from the _______________.
inferior salivary nucleus
Afferent, sensory fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve terminate in the _______________.
solitary nucleus
The two peripheral ganglia associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve:
The __________ is smaller and is usually thought of as a separated part of the ______________.
superior ganglion and inferior ganglion
- superior ganglion
- inferior ganglion
General sensory information is carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve branches from the:
These neurons have cell bodies located in the:
From there, information is conveyed to the CNS and fibers synapse in the ___________ of the _________ nerve.
Taste information from the tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis is carried by neurons from the ____________. Axons from these cells synapse in the ______ part of the _____________.
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- tongue (posterior to sulcus terminalis)
- tympanic cavity
-inferior ganglion
- spinal nucleus
- trigeminal
- inferior ganglion
- superior
- solitary nucleus
The ___________ contributes lower motor neurons to three cranial nerves:
Axons from the lower motor neurons carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) will innervate the ______________.
- nucleus ambiguous
- 9, 10, 11
-stylopharyngeus muscle
The _______________ gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic axons carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve. These fibers will synapse in the ______ ganglion, from which arise postganglionic fibers that supply the _______, _________, and _________.
- inferior salivary nucleus
- otic
- parotid glands, buccal glands, and inferior labial glands
The apparent origin of the glossopharyngeal nerve is the ___________ of the ____________.
The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via the _____________.
- superior aspect of the medulla oblongata
- jugular foramen
The superior ganglion is located ____________.
The inferior ganglion is located ___________.
The ___________ nerve arises from the inferior ganglion. It carries _______________ fibers as well as _______ fibers. These fibers are carried through the tympanic _____________ into the tympanic cavity.
In the tympanic cavity, the nerve receives _____________________ fibers from the __________________, and forms the _____________.
- inside the cranium
- outside the cranium
- tympanic
- preganglionic parasympathetic
- sensory
- canaliculus
- postganglionic sympathetic
- superior cervical ganglion
- tympanic plexus
The tympanic plexus carries __________ information from the __________, __________, and ____________.
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus and reform as the ___________ nerve, which travels through the _____________ to the ________ ganglion.
- somatosensory
- tympanic cavity
- pharyngotympanic tube
- mastoid air cells
- lesser petrosal nerve
- lesser petrosal canal
- otic ganglion
The carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve ascends from below and enters the nerve at the _______________. It carries afferent information from chemoreceptors in the ______________ and baroreceptors in the ____________. (Similar info may be carried by the vagus nerve.)
Pharyngeal branches convey ________ information from the mucosa of the ___________. These branches will combine with some vagal branches to form the pharyngeal plexus.
The muscular branch leaves the glossopharyngeal nerve to supply one muscle, the ____________.
The remaining branches of the nerve reach the ______ cavity.
_________ branches convey sensory information from the ____________ and ___________.
__________branches carry general sensory and taste information from the _______, posterior to the __________.
- inferior ganglion
- carotid body
- carotid sinus
- sensory
- pharynx
- stylopharyngeus
- oral
- tonsillar
- palatine tonsils and oral mucosa
- lingual
- tongue
- sulcus terminalis
The vagus nerve (X) is a ________ cranial nerve. It carries ___________, ___________, and __________ information, including some taste information from the epiglottal region. It is the __________ cranial nerve and the most ____________ parasympathetic nerve.
- mixed
- motor, parasympathetic, and sensory
- longest and most important
Motor fibers carried in the vagus nerve have cell bodies located in the ____________, which receives information from both cerebral ____________.
- nucleus ambiguous
- hemispheres
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve arise from the ______________. It receives information indirectly from the __________ and the _________.
- posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus
- hypothalamus
- carotid sinus
Incoming somatosensory information of the vagus nerve terminates in the spinal nucleus of the ____________ nerve (CN V).
Taste and viscerosensory information terminates in the _________ of the _____________.
- trigeminal
- nucleus of the solitary tract
Two peripheral ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve, the _________ and __________ ganglia.
The superior ganglion may also be called the _________ ganglion, and the inferior ganglion may also be called the _________ ganglion.
-superior and inferior
- jugular
- nodose
Somatic sensory information of the vagus nerve is carried in neurons whose cell bodies are located in the ______________. Information is carried from the ___________, _________, ________, ______________, and ____________ to the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
Taste from the epiglottis is carried to the _______ part of the _______________ by neurons located in the ___________.
Visceral sensory information is carried to the ___________ part of the ____________ by neurons located in the _____________. The vagus nerve carries visceral sensory information from the __________ and ___________, viscera in the ________ and _________ cavities, pressure receptors in the __________, and chemoreceptors in the _____________.
- superior ganglion
- dura (infratentorial/posterior fossa), auricle, external auditory canal, lateral tympanic membrane, and mucosa of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
- superior
- nucleus of solitary tract
- inferior ganglion
- inferior
- nucleus of solitary tract
- inferior ganglion
- larynx and laryngopharynx
- thoracic and abdominal
- aortic arch
- para-aortic body
The vagus nerve emerges from the lateral aspect of the _________________ as a series of rootlets.
The rootlets combine to form a trunk that gives off one branch before it exits the skull through the ____________. This meningeal branch supplies the ______ of the _____________.
-medulla oblongata
- jugular foramen
- dura
- posterior cranial fossa
The jugular foramen is compartmentalized by a fibrous septum. The vagus nerve travels _______ to the septum. The glossopharyngeal nerve travels ____________ to the septum.
The ________ ganglion is located in the jugular foramen. The larger, more cylindrically shaped ____________ ganglion is located just inferior to the jugular foramen.
The _________ branch is given off at the superior ganglion. It goes through the ____________ and ___________ to reach the ______________. The branch carries sensory information from the meatus and auricle.
- anterior
- posterior
- superior
- inferior
- auricular
- mastoid canaliculus and tympanomastoid fissure
- external auditory meatus
Upon exiting the jugular foramen, the vagus nerve travels inferiorly within the ___________, between the internal ___________ and internal _____________.
It will travel between the __________ and _____________ inferior to the carotid bifurcation.
- carotid sheath
- carotid artery
- carotid vein
- internal jugular vein
- common carotid artery
The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve leaves the nerve at the level of the ________________. It will combine with fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve and sympathetic trunk to form the ______________.
Vagal fibers will provide motor supply to the _____________________ and the _____________ muscle of the soft palate.
Branches of the carotid artery are also given off at the inferior ganglion. They carry _____________ fibers that relay info from chemoreceptors in the ___________ to the inferior part of the nucleus for the ____________.
- inferior ganglion
- pharyngeal plexus
- pharyngeal constrictor muscles
- levator veli palatine
- viscerosensory
- carotid body
- solitary tract
The superior laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve is given off just __________ to the inferior ganglion. It will divide into an __________ and __________ laryngeal nerve. The external laryngeal nerve provides _________ supply to the ___________ muscle. The internal laryngeal nerve carries ___________ information from the ____________ as far as the _____________.
- inferior
- external and internal
- external - motor - cricothyroid
- sensory - laryngeal mucosa - vocal folds
The recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve supplies ________ fibers to all muscles of the larynx except the ___________. It also carries __________ information from the larynx inferior to the ____________.
- motor
- cricothyroid
- sensory
- vocal folds
The superior and inferior cardiac nerve branches of the vagus nerve carry ____________ information to the ____________.
- parasympathetic
- cardiac plexus
The vagus nerves enters the thorax, pass posterior to the ________________ and contribute to the _____________.
At this point, the right vagus nerve passes __________ and the left vagus nerve passes ___________ over the esophagus, contributing to the _____________.
- root of the ipsilateral lung
- pulmonary plexus
- posteriorly
- anteriorly
- esophageal plexus
The right vagus nerve enters the abdominal cavity through the __________________ and becomes the ________________. It sends branches to the posterior ____________ and terminates in a large celiac branch that sends branches to the ______________, _____________, __________________, ____________, and _____________.
The left vagus nerve becomes the ____________ after entering the abdominal cavity through the ______________. It sends branches to the _________, ______________, _________, and ________________.
- esophageal opening
- posterior vagal trunk
- stomach
- duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine, and proximal 2/3 of large intestine
- anterior vagal trunk
- esophageal opening
- stomach, liver, pancreas, and superior duodenum
