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PNS > PNS - Exam 2 > Flashcards

PNS - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is a purely _______ nerve. It is composed of two nerves: the __________ and _________ nerves.

A
  • sensory
  • vestibular
  • cochlear
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2
Q

The vestibular nerve terminates in the __________________________, which consists of four parts (superior, medial, lateral, inferior).

Fibers carried in the vestibular nerve arise from cell bodies located in the __________________ (which has inferior and superior parts).

A
  • vestibular nuclear complex

- vestibular ganglion

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3
Q

The cochlear nerve terminates in two _________________ (anterior and posterior) which are located on the ________________________ which is lateral to the ________________.

The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from the _____________________.

A
  • cochlear nuclei
  • posterior, superior medulla oblongata
  • vestibular nuclei

-spiral ganglion

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4
Q

The cochlear nerve is made up of bipolar neurons whose cell bodies are in the ______________ of the ____________. Peripheral processes extend from the ____________ to the _______________ (organ of _____).

Axons carried in the cochlear nerve terminate on the two cochlear nuclei. From the cochlear nuclei, axons _______________ of the brainstem and synapse in the _____________.

A
  • spiral ganglion
  • cochlea
  • spiral ganglion
  • spiral organ (organ of Corti)
  • cross to the other side
  • trapezoid nuclei
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5
Q

Peripheral processes from the vestibular ganglion extend to three inner ear structures: _____________, ______________, and ____________.

Central processes from the vestibular ganglion convey information to the __________________, located in the _____________ on the floor of the _______________.

Most vestibular nerve fibers will terminate in the ______________ (or the nucleus of _______).

A
  • saccule
  • utricle
  • semicircular canals
  • vestibular nuclei
  • medulla oblongata
  • rhomboid fossa
  • medial vestibular nuclei
  • Schwalbe
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6
Q

The apparent origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve is in the ________________________.

A

cerebellopontine angle

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7
Q

The cochlear nerve carries ____________ fibers. It traverses the internal acoustic meatus __________ to the facial nerve. After it leaves the temporal bone, it reaches the ______________ of the cochlea.

A
  • 30-40,000
  • inferior
  • spiral ganglion
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8
Q

The vestibular nerve carries _________ fibers. As it approaches the ear, it divides into _________ and ________ branches.

The __________ inferior branch is composed of the ___________ nerve and the ____________ nerve which supply the ___________ and the ________________.

The _________ superior branch is formed by the _______________________ which supply the ____________________.

The ____________ is supplied by a branch from the lateral ampullary nerve and a branch directly off the superior branch. The superior branch also sends a branch directly to the ________, and this nerve is called _______ nerve.

A
  • 20,000
  • superior and inferior
  • smaller
  • saccular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve
  • saccule and the posterior ampullary crest
  • larger
  • lateral and anterior ampullary nerves
  • lateral and anterior semicircular canals
  • utricle
  • saccule
  • Voit’s nerve
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9
Q

Tinnitus can be the first sign of __________ disease.

Three symptoms of this disease are:

A

-Meniere’s

  • vertigo
  • tinnitus
  • hearing loss
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10
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) carries _______, _______, and _______ fibers; therefore, it is a _______ nerve.

It carries motor innervation to the _________ muscle, sensory information to the ________ including taste information from the ___________, and parasympathetic information leading to the ___________ gland.

A
  • motor
  • sensory
  • autonomic
  • mixed
  • stylopharyngeus
  • pharynx
  • posterior tongue
  • parotid
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11
Q

The motor fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from cell bodies located in the ______________.

A

superior part of the nucleus ambiguus

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12
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from the _______________.

A

inferior salivary nucleus

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13
Q

Afferent, sensory fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve terminate in the _______________.

A

solitary nucleus

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14
Q

The two peripheral ganglia associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve:

The __________ is smaller and is usually thought of as a separated part of the ______________.

A

superior ganglion and inferior ganglion

  • superior ganglion
  • inferior ganglion
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15
Q

General sensory information is carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve branches from the:

These neurons have cell bodies located in the:

From there, information is conveyed to the CNS and fibers synapse in the ___________ of the _________ nerve.

Taste information from the tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis is carried by neurons from the ____________. Axons from these cells synapse in the ______ part of the _____________.

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • tongue (posterior to sulcus terminalis)
  • tympanic cavity

-inferior ganglion

  • spinal nucleus
  • trigeminal
  • inferior ganglion
  • superior
  • solitary nucleus
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16
Q

The ___________ contributes lower motor neurons to three cranial nerves:

Axons from the lower motor neurons carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) will innervate the ______________.

A
  • nucleus ambiguous
  • 9, 10, 11

-stylopharyngeus muscle

17
Q

The _______________ gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic axons carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve. These fibers will synapse in the ______ ganglion, from which arise postganglionic fibers that supply the _______, _________, and _________.

A
  • inferior salivary nucleus
  • otic
  • parotid glands, buccal glands, and inferior labial glands
18
Q

The apparent origin of the glossopharyngeal nerve is the ___________ of the ____________.

The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via the _____________.

A
  • superior aspect of the medulla oblongata

- jugular foramen

19
Q

The superior ganglion is located ____________.
The inferior ganglion is located ___________.

The ___________ nerve arises from the inferior ganglion. It carries _______________ fibers as well as _______ fibers. These fibers are carried through the tympanic _____________ into the tympanic cavity.

In the tympanic cavity, the nerve receives _____________________ fibers from the __________________, and forms the _____________.

A
  • inside the cranium
  • outside the cranium
  • tympanic
  • preganglionic parasympathetic
  • sensory
  • canaliculus
  • postganglionic sympathetic
  • superior cervical ganglion
  • tympanic plexus
20
Q

The tympanic plexus carries __________ information from the __________, __________, and ____________.

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus and reform as the ___________ nerve, which travels through the _____________ to the ________ ganglion.

A
  • somatosensory
  • tympanic cavity
  • pharyngotympanic tube
  • mastoid air cells
  • lesser petrosal nerve
  • lesser petrosal canal
  • otic ganglion
21
Q

The carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve ascends from below and enters the nerve at the _______________. It carries afferent information from chemoreceptors in the ______________ and baroreceptors in the ____________. (Similar info may be carried by the vagus nerve.)

Pharyngeal branches convey ________ information from the mucosa of the ___________. These branches will combine with some vagal branches to form the pharyngeal plexus.

The muscular branch leaves the glossopharyngeal nerve to supply one muscle, the ____________.

The remaining branches of the nerve reach the ______ cavity.

_________ branches convey sensory information from the ____________ and ___________.

__________branches carry general sensory and taste information from the _______, posterior to the __________.

A
  • inferior ganglion
  • carotid body
  • carotid sinus
  • sensory
  • pharynx
  • stylopharyngeus
  • oral
  • tonsillar
  • palatine tonsils and oral mucosa
  • lingual
  • tongue
  • sulcus terminalis
22
Q

The vagus nerve (X) is a ________ cranial nerve. It carries ___________, ___________, and __________ information, including some taste information from the epiglottal region. It is the __________ cranial nerve and the most ____________ parasympathetic nerve.

A
  • mixed
  • motor, parasympathetic, and sensory
  • longest and most important
23
Q

Motor fibers carried in the vagus nerve have cell bodies located in the ____________, which receives information from both cerebral ____________.

A
  • nucleus ambiguous

- hemispheres

24
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve arise from the ______________. It receives information indirectly from the __________ and the _________.

A
  • posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus
  • hypothalamus
  • carotid sinus
25
Q

Incoming somatosensory information of the vagus nerve terminates in the spinal nucleus of the ____________ nerve (CN V).

Taste and viscerosensory information terminates in the _________ of the _____________.

A
  • trigeminal

- nucleus of the solitary tract

26
Q

Two peripheral ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve, the _________ and __________ ganglia.

The superior ganglion may also be called the _________ ganglion, and the inferior ganglion may also be called the _________ ganglion.

A

-superior and inferior

  • jugular
  • nodose
27
Q

Somatic sensory information of the vagus nerve is carried in neurons whose cell bodies are located in the ______________. Information is carried from the ___________, _________, ________, ______________, and ____________ to the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

Taste from the epiglottis is carried to the _______ part of the _______________ by neurons located in the ___________.

Visceral sensory information is carried to the ___________ part of the ____________ by neurons located in the _____________. The vagus nerve carries visceral sensory information from the __________ and ___________, viscera in the ________ and _________ cavities, pressure receptors in the __________, and chemoreceptors in the _____________.

A
  • superior ganglion
  • dura (infratentorial/posterior fossa), auricle, external auditory canal, lateral tympanic membrane, and mucosa of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
  • superior
  • nucleus of solitary tract
  • inferior ganglion
  • inferior
  • nucleus of solitary tract
  • inferior ganglion
  • larynx and laryngopharynx
  • thoracic and abdominal
  • aortic arch
  • para-aortic body
28
Q

The vagus nerve emerges from the lateral aspect of the _________________ as a series of rootlets.

The rootlets combine to form a trunk that gives off one branch before it exits the skull through the ____________. This meningeal branch supplies the ______ of the _____________.

A

-medulla oblongata

  • jugular foramen
  • dura
  • posterior cranial fossa
29
Q

The jugular foramen is compartmentalized by a fibrous septum. The vagus nerve travels _______ to the septum. The glossopharyngeal nerve travels ____________ to the septum.

The ________ ganglion is located in the jugular foramen. The larger, more cylindrically shaped ____________ ganglion is located just inferior to the jugular foramen.

The _________ branch is given off at the superior ganglion. It goes through the ____________ and ___________ to reach the ______________. The branch carries sensory information from the meatus and auricle.

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • superior
  • inferior
  • auricular
  • mastoid canaliculus and tympanomastoid fissure
  • external auditory meatus
30
Q

Upon exiting the jugular foramen, the vagus nerve travels inferiorly within the ___________, between the internal ___________ and internal _____________.

It will travel between the __________ and _____________ inferior to the carotid bifurcation.

A
  • carotid sheath
  • carotid artery
  • carotid vein
  • internal jugular vein
  • common carotid artery
31
Q

The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve leaves the nerve at the level of the ________________. It will combine with fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve and sympathetic trunk to form the ______________.

Vagal fibers will provide motor supply to the _____________________ and the _____________ muscle of the soft palate.

Branches of the carotid artery are also given off at the inferior ganglion. They carry _____________ fibers that relay info from chemoreceptors in the ___________ to the inferior part of the nucleus for the ____________.

A
  • inferior ganglion
  • pharyngeal plexus
  • pharyngeal constrictor muscles
  • levator veli palatine
  • viscerosensory
  • carotid body
  • solitary tract
32
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve is given off just __________ to the inferior ganglion. It will divide into an __________ and __________ laryngeal nerve. The external laryngeal nerve provides _________ supply to the ___________ muscle. The internal laryngeal nerve carries ___________ information from the ____________ as far as the _____________.

A
  • inferior
  • external and internal
  • external - motor - cricothyroid
  • sensory - laryngeal mucosa - vocal folds
33
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve supplies ________ fibers to all muscles of the larynx except the ___________. It also carries __________ information from the larynx inferior to the ____________.

A
  • motor
  • cricothyroid
  • sensory
  • vocal folds
34
Q

The superior and inferior cardiac nerve branches of the vagus nerve carry ____________ information to the ____________.

A
  • parasympathetic

- cardiac plexus

35
Q

The vagus nerves enters the thorax, pass posterior to the ________________ and contribute to the _____________.

At this point, the right vagus nerve passes __________ and the left vagus nerve passes ___________ over the esophagus, contributing to the _____________.

A
  • root of the ipsilateral lung
  • pulmonary plexus
  • posteriorly
  • anteriorly
  • esophageal plexus
36
Q

The right vagus nerve enters the abdominal cavity through the __________________ and becomes the ________________. It sends branches to the posterior ____________ and terminates in a large celiac branch that sends branches to the ______________, _____________, __________________, ____________, and _____________.

The left vagus nerve becomes the ____________ after entering the abdominal cavity through the ______________. It sends branches to the _________, ______________, _________, and ________________.

A
  • esophageal opening
  • posterior vagal trunk
  • stomach
  • duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine, and proximal 2/3 of large intestine
  • anterior vagal trunk
  • esophageal opening
  • stomach, liver, pancreas, and superior duodenum

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