PNS

Question 1

ANS

Answer 1

2 neurones outside CNS

• preganglionic (myelinated B fibres) arising from CNS
• postganglionic (non-myelinated C fibres) in ganglia

Question 2

PNS output

Answer 2

Mid-brain, medulla leaving with cranial nerves + sacral part of SC. Parasympathetic ganglia - near to/ in innervated tissues

Question 3

SNS output

Answer 3

T1-12, L1-3

Question 4

ACh released from all —— of ——- and ——-

Answer 4

Preganglionic neurones, bot parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves + from postganglionic parasympathetic nerves

Question 5

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release except

Answer 5

NA

cholinergic postganglionic sympatheric neurons in sweat glands of skin, adrenal medullary cells - N1

Question 6

Pre: post ganglionic ration in sympathetically innervated organs and parasympathetically innverated organs excluding the gut

Answer 6

1: 20, 1:1

Question 7

Co-transmission in ganglia

Answer 7

Slow excitatory effect - reduction in K+ permeability/ inhibitory effect

Question 8

Examples of classical NANC’s

Answer 8

DA, GABA, 5-HT

Question 9

Puriergic transmission

Answer 9

NANC - ATP as transmitter Fast EPSP -> P1 or P2

Question 10

Peptide transmitters

Answer 10

BIP, NPY, LHRH, prostaglandins, Substance P, CGRP, ANP, histamine, No, Ednothelin

Question 11

NO

Answer 11

short-lived gas mediates relaxation of stomach induced by vagal PNS stimulation of other muscle from intrinsic NANC nerves