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PNS Final > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Five areas of measuring pop health

A 
Death
Disease
Disability
Discomfort
Distress
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2
Q

Morbidity

A

illness
injury
DALY

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3
Q

Mortality

A

death

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4
Q

Incidence

A

new cases/pop at risk

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5
Q

Prevalence

A

total # cases/ pop at risk

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6
Q

Crude mortality rate

A

of deaths/#at risk of dying

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7
Q

Age-adjusted mortality

A

of deaths in group/# in group

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8
Q

Infatn mortailty

A

kids die under 1/number live births (100)

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9
Q

Epidemeology

A

study of the distribution and determiniants of hwalth and application to ctrl health problems

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10
Q

Epidemiological triad

A

Agent, Host, Environmebt (Vector)

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11
Q

Andemic

A

@ steday state

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12
Q

Spidemic

A

spike above norm

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13
Q

Pandemic

A

Spidemic, multiple continents

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14
Q

Index case

A

1st case ever

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15
Q

Sentinel case

A

1st case found

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16
Q

disability

A

deviation from norm

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17
Q

morbidity

A

disease

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18
Q

mortality

A

death

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19
Q

steps in investigating disease outbreak

A 
define
distribution
things in common
determine/test hypotehsis
use to control disease
20
Q

disease suveillance

A

look for health data and death to watch disease rates

21
Q

decriptive data

A

qualitative data

22
Q

Analytical data

A

quantitative

23
Q

Experiemntal data

A

from an experiment

24
Q

attack rate

A

people @ risk who get it/people who don’t

25
Q

Cross tabulation

A

compares attack rate to exposure

26
Q

Outbreak

A

attack rate higher than normal

27
Q

4 basic principle of medical ethics

A

non-maleficence
beneficence
distributive justice
autonomy

28
Q

4 quadrant approcah

A

Medical indications
Patient preferences
Quality of life
Contextual features

29
Q

9 basci priniciples of medical professsionalism

A 
compentent care fro human dignity
professionalism
respect the law
respect rights/privacy fro everyone
advance knowledge and ask for help
Physician can choose
Improve public health
Patient comes first
Access for all
30
Q

REaltionship between ethical and legal values

A

closely related, athical obligations typically exceed elgal duties

31
Q

7 requirements fro determining if research is ethical

A 
Social/Sci value
Sci validity
Fair subject selection
Risk/BNenefit Ratio
Indpen. REview
Informed consent
Respect for Subjects
32
Q

Differnetiate between illness and Diseae

A

Diseae can be there without knowing

Illness is preception

33
Q

Sources fo Standardized data

A 
Disease reports
Insurance
Public assist
Morbitiy study
case-finding reports
death records
34
Q

5 a’s fo evidence based medicine

A 
Assess
Ask
ACquire
Appraise
Apply
35
Q

Primary Literature

A

Original Study

36
Q

Secondary Literature

A

Review

37
Q

Background questions

A

About conditions

38
Q

Foreground Questions

A

About Choices

39
Q

PICO

A

Patient/Population
Intervention
Comparision
Outcome

40
Q

Hierarchy of Study Design

A 
N=1 RCT
RCT
Cohort
Case-Cntrl
Cross-Section
Ecological
Case-Series/Reports
41
Q

4 Type of Clinical Questions

A

Therapy (RCT)
Harm (Cntrl Trl)
Dif Dx (Cohort/Case)
Prognosis (Cohort)

42
Q

RCT

A

pts given tx/placebo based on random/blind

43
Q

Cohort

A

Follow ones set pop over tiem to look at prevelencae fo disease &patterns

44
Q

Case-Cntrl

A

Compares pt w/ dosease to those w/out disease (diabetics w/ cancer vs. diabetics w/out)

45
Q

Hypothesis TEsting

A

Want to deny null/accept alt

46
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

No significant differnce between two groups of data

PNS Final (1 decks)

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