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Anatomy block 2 > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS

A

31 spinal nerves
12 cranial nerves
ANS
Enteric nervous system

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3
Q

Neural tube

A

primary development into CNS, forms the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Neural crest cells

A

primary development into the PNS

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5
Q

ectodermal placodes

A

nasal, lens, otic placodes, head and neck specific

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6
Q

sensory nerves

A

afferent
convey neural impulses to the CNS FROM the sense organs and from sensory receptors in various parts of the body

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7
Q

motor nerves

A

efferent
convey neural impulses from the CNS to the effector organs (muscles and glands)

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8
Q

visceral

A

organs and smooth muscle arteries

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9
Q

somattic

A

body wall, between the skin and serous lining of body cavity
limbs, muscles, bones

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10
Q

cranial nerves

A

bilateral pairs which exit the cranial cavity
nomenclature: CN (number)

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11
Q

spinal nerves

A

bilateral pairs from a specific segment of the spinal cord, exit through the intervertebral foramina

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12
Q

spinal nerves superior to inferior order

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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13
Q

how many spinal nerves associated with each spinal cord level?

A

31

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14
Q

C1-C7 named for vertebra _____ to their exit

A

inferior

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15
Q

spinal nerve c8 sits between what two vertebrae?

A

C7 and T1

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16
Q

the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves are named ____ to their exit point

A

superior

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17
Q

superior

A

above

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18
Q

inferior

A

below

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19
Q

fibers emerge from the spinal cord as _____

A

rootlets

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20
Q

rootlets converge to form ____

A

2 nerve roots

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21
Q

Anterior (ventral) is motor or sensory?

A

MOTOR

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22
Q

anterior ventral

A

fibers from cell bodies located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

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23
Q

Posterior (dorsal) is motor or sensory?

A

SENSORY

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24
Q

posterior dorsal

A

fibers from cell bodies located in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

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25
Q

A spinal nerve is a mix of ….

A

sensory and motor fibers

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26
Q

where is a spinal nerve located?

A

occurs at or near the intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column

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27
Q

A ramus is also known as what?

A

branch

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28
Q

posterior dorsal ramus

A

mix of sensory and motor fibers

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29
Q

anterior ventral ramus

A

mix of sensory and motor fibers

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30
Q

each ramus can then give rise to or contribute to _____

A

peripheral nerves

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31
Q

posterior dorsal rami

A
  • remain separate the entire length of the spinal cord
  • carry somatic motor, somatic sensory (body wall) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
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32
Q

what does the posterior dorsal rami innervate?

A
  • deep true muscles of the back
  • skin overlying those muscles
    -arteries supplying these structures
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33
Q

anterior ventral rami

A

-carry somatic motor, somatic sensory (body wall) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
* forms plexuses for limbs

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34
Q

what does the anterior ventral rami innervate?

A

anterior and lateral trunk
upper and lower limbs

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35
Q

Since anterior ventral rami create a plexus, do most peripheral nerves arising from a plexus contain fibers from multiple spinal nerve levels?

A

Yes

36
Q

somatic motor fibers example

A

skeletal muscle

37
Q

somatic sensory fibers example

A

skin, joints, muscle

38
Q

post ganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

smooth muscles of arteries and sweat glands

39
Q

spinal nerves only supply the ….

A

body wall and limbs

40
Q

do the spinal nerves supply the head or structures within the body cavities?

A

NOOOO

41
Q

sensory afferent system

A

1st order cell bodies located outside (but close) to the CNS
-dorsal root spinal ganglion
-ganglia closely associated with cranial nerves

42
Q

peripheral/distal process

A

extend from the target to cell body

43
Q

central/proximal process

A

extends from the cell body to the spinal cord

44
Q

where do fibers enter the CNS?

A

the posterior dorsal root of the spinal nerves or via cranial nerves

45
Q

motor efferent system

A

lower motor neuron cell bodies located in grey matter of the CNS
-ventral or lateral horns of the spinal cord
-nuclei of brainstem

46
Q

where do axons exit the CNS?

A

via the anterior ventral root of spinal nerves or cranial nerves

47
Q

somatic system

A

conveys information between the CNS and body wall and extremities

48
Q

visceral system

A

conveys information between the CNS and internal organs, glands, and blood vessels

49
Q

somatic sensory sensations/innervation

A
  • input to CNS from skin, joints, or skeletal muscle
    -pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and proprioception
50
Q

where is a first order cell body located?

A

dorsal root (spinal) ganglion or ganglia associated with cranial nerves

51
Q

somatic sensory pathway

A
  1. one neuron system between target and CNS
  2. first order neuron has a distal process (from target to cell body) and a proximal/central process (from the cell body to the CNS)
52
Q

does a synapse occur in a sensory ganglion?

A

No

53
Q

what is a map of the somatic sensory system called?

A

dermatomes

54
Q

dermatome

A

a unilateral area of skin innervated by the somatic sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

55
Q

C4

A

lateral neck/ superior shoulder

56
Q

C5

A

lateral arm

57
Q

C6

A

lateral forearm and thumb (first digit)

58
Q

C7

A

middle and ring fingers (3rd and 4th digit)

59
Q

C8

A

little finger (5th digit) and medial hand

60
Q

T1

A

medial forearm

61
Q

T2

A

medial arm (armpit)

62
Q

T4

A

nipple

63
Q

T10

A

umbilicus (belly button)

64
Q

are fibers conveyed by adjacent spinal nerves overlapped?

A

Yes, provides a back up/ double coverage of that area of skin

65
Q

what two methods do spinal nerves reach a dermatome by?

A
  1. single peripheral nerve (ex: thoracic and abdominal walls)
  2. multiple peripheral nerves (ex: upper and lower limbs)
66
Q

peripheral nerve innervation map

A

NO plexus formation so dermatomes and peripheral nerve distributions are the same

67
Q

plexus formation results in different

A

nerves carrying fibers from a single spinal nerve, but the sensory fibers from this spinal nerve will ultimately be distributed to the same dermatome

68
Q

shingles

A

reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that affects a dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

69
Q

voluntary motor system

A
  • somatic motor system
  • transmits one signal from the CNS to the skeletal (voluntary) muscles
  • only one neuron btwn CNS and eng organ/target
70
Q

after invading the ganglion, the virus produces a sharp, burning pain in the dermatome supplied by the involved nerve….

A

-follows peripheral processes of the 1st order cell bodies located in that ganglion to the area of skin distribution
-skin area becomes red and vesicular eruptions appear

71
Q

where is the cell body located in the somatic motor system?

A

located in a nucleus within the ventral horn of spinal cord or within nuclei of the brainstem

72
Q

ANS

A

-transmits signals to smooth muscle and glands

73
Q

end organ for ANS must:

A
  1. smooth (non-striated, involuntary) muscle
  2. Arteries, hollow organs and ducts, arrector pili muscles, instrinsic eye muscles
  3. Glands (sweat, salivary, lacrimal, GI)
  4. modified cardiac muscle
  5. SA and AV nodes of the heart
74
Q

visceral motor (ANS) organization

A

TWO neuron system between CNS and target (end) organ

75
Q

preganglionic neurons

A
  • cell body located within grey matter of CNS
  • axon terminates ONLY w/ in an autonomic ganglia upon the cell body of a postganglionic neuron (synapse)
76
Q

postganglionic neurons

A

-cell body located outside the CNS and make up the autonomic ganglia
- axon terminates on target (end) organ

77
Q

sympathetic

A

flight or fight
fibers go EVERYwhere
ex: pupil dilation, slows peristalsis, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, VASOCONSTRICTION

78
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest
RESTRICTED to viscera of thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and certain structures of the head
do NOT go to the body walls or limbs
ex: pupillary constriction, increases peristalsis, activates detrusor muscles (urination)

79
Q

simple structures such as sweat glands and arteries are innervated by

A

sympathetic only

80
Q

organs, major glands, and modified cardiac tissue will have

A

dual motor control

81
Q

Visceral sensory system

A

input to CNS from hollow organs and blood vessels FROM sensory receptors

82
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

cell bodies contain both somatic and visceral (pain) sensory
—-> basis for referred pain

83
Q

stretching nerve injury

A
  • if limit is exceeded the nerve can be torn apart
  • bone fractures or dislocations
    -recovery is dependent on the stretch
84
Q

crushing nerve injury

A

results in acute traumatic compression of a nerve
typically only damages the axons and leaves cell bodies and connective tissue coverings intact which helps to guide regenerating axons to their correct target

85
Q

severed (cut) nerve injury

A

less likely to regenerate
- sprouting begins at cut ends but growing axons are less likely to reach their targets
- connective tissue is also cut
-may require surgical innervention

86
Q

compression nerve injury

A

compromise blood supply
permanent paresthesisw3

Anatomy block 2 (1 decks)

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