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Pharmacology-PNS > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

(ACh ONLY!!)

A

decrease heart rate

increase gastric secretions

empty bladder

empty bowel

focus eye/constrict pupil

contract bronchii

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2
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

(pre=ACh post=NE and ACh)

A

increase heart rate

push blood to muscles

dilate pupil

dilate bronchii

temp regulation

fight/flight

innervates adrenal medulla (Epi and NE)

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3
Q

Peripheral NS Receptors

A
  1. Cholinergic (ACh)
    • nictotinic N
    • nicotinic M
    • muscarinic
  2. Adrenergic (Epi/NE)
    • alpha-1
    • alpha-2
    • beta-1
    • beta-2
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4
Q

Nicotinic N receptors

are located

A

All post-ganglionic of parasympathetic and sympathetic and on adrenal medulla

(activation promotes ganglionic transmission)

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5
Q

Nicotinic M receptors

are located

A

skeletal muscle

(activation = skeletal muscle contraction)

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6
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

are located

A

All organs of parasympathetic nervous system

sweat glands (symp n.s.)

blood vessels

(activation=decrease HR, increase gland secretion, smooth muscle contraction)

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7
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A

alpha, beta or both on all organs of sympathetic nervous system

and on all organs regulated by Epi released from adrenal medulla

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8
Q

Alpha-1 receptors are located

A

eyes, blood vessels, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, bladder (trigone and sphincter)

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9
Q

Beta-1 receptors

are located

A

heart (increase HR, increase force of contraction, increase velocity of impulse conduction through AV node)

kidney (release renin into blood–promotes synth of angiotensin=vasoconstriction=increased BP)

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10
Q

Beta-2 receptors

are located

A

lungs (bronchodilation)

uterus (relax)

arterioles of heart, lungs, skeletal muscles (vasodilation)

liver, skeletal muscle (promotes glycogenolysis)

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11
Q

Muscarinic Agonist

A

bethanechol

eye-contract pupil (miosis)

heart-decrease HR

Lung-constrict bronchi, promote excretions

Bladder-causes peeing

GI-salivation, incr. gastric secretions, increase intestinal tone and motilty, defecation, sweating, erection, vasodilation

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12
Q

Muscarinic Antagonist

A

atropine

increased HR, decrease exocrine gland secretion, relaxes bronchi, decreased tone of bladder (used for overactive bladder), decreased tone and motility of GI

eye-mydriasis, far vision

CNS-excitation

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13
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

(NicM)

A

d-tubocurarine

succinylcholine

prevent ACh from activating NicM receptors on skeletal muscles and thereby cause muscle relaxation

Used for muscle relaxation during general anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, and intubation

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14
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

neostigmine

physostigmine

(both are reversible)

(use for Myasthemia Gravis)

(organophosphate pesticides are irreversible inhibitors)

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15
Q

Adrenergic Agonists

(aka Sympathomimetics)

A

Direct:

  1. direct binding to receptor (dopamine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, ephedrine)

Indirect

  1. promotion of NE release (amphetamine, ephedrine)
  2. inhibition of NE reuptake (cocaine)
  3. inhibition of NE inactivation = inhibition of MAO (MAO inhibitors)
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16
Q

Catecholamines

(adrenergic agonists)

A

Epi (alpha1,2, beta1,2), NE (alpha1,2, beta1), isoproterenol (beta1,2), dopamine (alpha1, beta1, dopamine), dobutamine (beta1)

  • cannot be used orally
  • have brief duration
  • cannot cross the BBB
17
Q

Noncatecholamines

(adrenergic agonists)

A

ephedrine (alpha1,2, beta1,2), albuterol (beta2), phenylephrine (alpha1)

  • longer half-lives
  • can be given orally
  • more able to cross the BBB
18
Q

Alpha-1 Activation

A

vasoconstriction

(stop bleeding, nasal decongestion, slows local anesthesia)

adverse effects: hypertension, necrosis, bradycardia

mydriasis

19
Q

Alpha-2 Activation

(CNS applications only)

A

reduction of sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels

relief of severe pain

20
Q

Beta1 Activation

= Heart!!

A

(Epi, NE, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine, ephedrine)

HF-increase force of contraction

Shock-increased cardiac output, increase profusion

AV Heart Block-enhanced impulse conduction

Cardiac Arrest caused by Asystole-IV Epi or direct injection of Epi

Adverse Effects: altered heart rhythm, rate, angina pectoris

21
Q

Beta-2 Activation

=lungs, uterus

A

epinephrine, isoproterenol, albuterol

Asthma-bronchodilation

Delay of pre-term labor-relax uterine smooth muscle

Adverse Effects: hyperglycemia, tremor

22
Q

Activation of Dopamine Receptors

(kidneys)

A

dopamine dilates renal blood vessels thereby improving renal perfusion and reducing risk of renal failure

dopamine is only drug that can activate dopamine receptors…dopamine also enhances cardiac performance bc it activates beta 1 receptors

23
Q
A

Pharmacology-PNS (1 decks)

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