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Physiotherapy Science > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is mobility of NS important?

A

NS should be able to elongate and shorten during normal movement while conducting impulses uninterruptedly.

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2
Q

Aspects in neural examination that needs to be physically assessed?

A

Observation and analysis
Sensation, motor function, reflexes , diagnostic tests
Neurodynamics
Motor control, balance, co-ordination and tone
Other joint and muscle tests

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3
Q

What is considered to be the PNS ?

A 
Nerve roots 
Spinal nerves 
Sinovertebral nerve / recurrent meningeal nerve
Anterior and posterior primary ramus 
Neural plexi 
Peripheral nerves
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4
Q

What is mechanical interface ?

A

Tissue/material adjacent to the NS that can move independently to the NS

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5
Q

Nerve roots susceptible to & why?

A

Compression and chemical irritation.

Thin CT layers surrounding NR

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6
Q

Mechanical interface of brachial plexus

A 
IVF
Scalenes 
Rib1 
Pect minor
Axilla
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7
Q

Mechanical interface of lumbar plexus

A

IVF
Psoas
Quads
Inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Mechanical interface of lumbosacral plexus

A

IVF
Piriformis
Hamstrings
Lateral ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

Name neural plexus and spinal nerves

A 
Out of ventral ramus / anterior primary ramus from spinal nerves 
Cervical C1-4
Brachial C4-T1
Lumbar L2-L4
Lumbosacral L4-S2
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10
Q

Structures that innervate PNS

A

Afferent neurons - nervi nervorum

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11
Q

2 ways NS adapts to movement

A

Intraneural tension

Movement of nerves - gross + intraneural

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12
Q

Neural gliding depends on

A

Sequence of movement

Tension points

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13
Q

Axoplasmic flow and blood flow dependent on

A

Movement and posture

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14
Q

Protection of NS

A 
Myelin sheath 
Connective tissues
Diffusion barriers
Dynamics of neurovascular 
Innervation
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15
Q

Key processes to injury to peripheral nerves

A

Altered bloodflow
Altered anxoplasmic flow
AIGS

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16
Q

Biomechanical response of Tensile forces vs Compression forces

A

@20% loses structural intergrity
@30% mechanical failure
To hold integrity = 6%
Cessation of bloodflow @ =15%

Vs

Duration, level of pressure, pressure points and health of NS determines effect

17
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Degeneration of distal nerve axon following injury at cell body or proximal part of axon. Characterised with fragmentation of axon and myelin sheath

18
Q

Classification of injury in PNS

A

Neuropraxia
Neurotmesis
Axonotmesis
Neuropathy

19
Q

Symptoms of PNS

A

Pain, weakness, sensory changes

20
Q

Signs of cauda equina

A

Bladder and bowel involvement

Saddle anaesthesia

21
Q

Red flags subjective interview spinal cord compression

A 
Upper motor neuron lesion 
Increased tone / reflexes 
Gait disturbances 
Bilateral / quadralateral parathesia 
Bladder / bowel - spastic
22
Q

RIC stands for

A

Resisted Isometric contraction

23
Q

Definition of tremor

A

Involuntary rhythmical contraction of muscles

24
Q

Definition of fasciculations

A

Spontaneous contractions of muscle in regards to single motor unit

25
Q

Weakness in muscle during neurological examination

A

Spinal cord compression
Lesion to motor supply
Lesion to muscle itself

26
Q

What is a dermatome

A

A area of the skin innervated by a single dorsal NR

27
Q

What do you test when doing reflex ( deep tendon reflex ) testing

A

Spinal reflex arc

28
Q

NR correlates with which reflex

A

C5/6 biceps
C7 triceps
L3/4 patellar
S1/2 ankle

29
Q

Cauda eqina , which NR ?

A

S3/4

30
Q

Where would PT use sensation testing ?

A

ET
Orthopaedics
Neurology

31
Q

Tension points definition and where located

A

Nerve is fixated

C6, T6, L4 , Tibial nerve

32
Q

Posture and movement patterns to accommodate mechanosensitivity

A

Antalgic posture , minimum tension on NS
Active and passive physiological movements :
Sx increase in elongated position
Sx decrease in shortened position

33
Q

Name the conduction tests and neurodynamic tests

A

Sensation testing, isometric testing, reflex testing

ULNT 1,2a/b,3 (MNT 1/2, RNT, UNT)
PNF
SLR
PKB
Slump / thoracic slump
34
Q

Special diagnostic tests - median nerve

A

Tinel’s sign (+ulnar nerve)
Phalen’s wrist flexion sign
Reverse Phalen’s test

35
Q

Special diagnostic tests -thoracic outlet

A

Allen’s test

Adson’s test

36
Q

NTPT stands for

A

Nerve tissue provocation test

Physiotherapy Science (2 decks)

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