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Inorganic Chemistry I > Pnicogens > Flashcards

Pnicogens Flashcards

Group 15

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1
Q

What are the elements in Group 15?

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth

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2
Q

Whats the general electronic configuration of Group 15?

A

ns2 np3

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3
Q

Whats another name for Group 15?

A

Pnicogens

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4
Q

What is the common oxidation state in Group 15?

A

+3 and +5

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5
Q

What is the non-metal in Group 15?

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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6
Q

What is the semi metal in Group 15?

A

Arsenic and Antimony

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7
Q

What is the metal in Group 15?

A

Bismuth

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8
Q

What is the trend in metallic character for Group 15?

A

Metallic character increases down the group

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9
Q

What bonds does each element in G15 tend to make?

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus - Covalent
Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth - Ionic
(Down the group tendency to release electron and exchange electron increase because size increase and EN decrease)

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10
Q

Going down Group 15, which oxidation state becomes more stable and why?

A
  • +3 becomes more stable because of the inert pair effect
  • Electrons in s orbital becomes less reactive and the tendency to release them is lower
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11
Q

What is the oxidation state commonly is present when reacting with a halogen and hydride?

A

Halogen- 3+ and 5+
Hydride- 3+

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12
Q

How many allotropes does phosphorus have?

A

Three:
1. White Phosphorus
2. Red Phosphorus
3. Black phosphorus

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a White phosphorus?

A
  • Waxy
  • Very reactive with the presence of oxygen
  • Usually kept in water
  • Has tetrahedral structure made of P4 molecules
  • Pyrophoric
  • Toxic
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a Red phosphorus?

A
  • Less reactive than White Phosphorus
  • Produces by burning white phosphorus at 250 or UV light exposure
  • to make matches or bombs
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a Black phosphorus?

A
  • Least reactive out of all allotropes
  • Produced by burning white phosphorus under pressure
  • Orthorhombic structure
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16
Q

Uses of Nitrogen

A
  • To produce ammonium
  • To be used as liquid nitrogen in freeze drying of food industries
17
Q

In what compound does phosphorus exist in

A

Calcium Phosphate Ca3(PO4)2

18
Q

Uses of Phosphorus

A
  • Buffering agent in blood
  • Fertilizer
  • Water softener
19
Q

What is nitrous oxide also known as?


A

Dinitrogen oxide or laughing gas.

20
Q

What is the maximum oxidation state of Group V elements towards oxygen?


A

+5

21
Q

What is the molecular structure of nitrogen?


A

Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule

22
Q

What is phosphoric acid also known as?


A

Orthophosphoric acid

23
Q

How is Arsenic (As) and Antimony (Sb) and Bi (Bismuth) obtained?

A
  • Obtained in its oxide form As2O3, Sb2O3 and Bi2O3
  • In flue dust from roasting CuS, PbS, FeS, CoS and NiS in air
24
Q

What are the properties of nitrous oxide (N2O) at room temperature?

A

-Colorless
-Non-flammable gas
-Slightly sweet odor and taste.

25
Q

How can Arsenic be obtained its pure form?

A
  • By reducing As2O3 with carbon
  • Heating arsenides such as arsenopyrites FeAsS
    to 700 in the absence of air
26
Q

What bond type does most of the elements experience?

A
  • Majority of compounds formed by this group are covalent
  • Requires too much energy to remove all the five outer electrons so M5+ ions are not formed in normal condition.
27
Q

What are the characteristics of nitrous oxide (NO2) gas?

A
  • Paramagnetic (Substances that contain unpaired electrons, causing them to be attracted to external magnetic fields)
  • Brown
  • Toxic
  • Pollutant gas
  • Internal combustion engines.
28
Q

What are the characteristics of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) gas?

A
  • Colorless liquid
  • Low Boiling Point
    -Toxic
  • Corrosive
    -Good oxidizing agent
  • Oxidizer in rocker propulsion
  • Diamagnetic (All their electrons paired, resulting in a net magnetic moment of zero, causing them to be weakly repelled by external magnetic fields)
29
Q

What are the characteristics of N2O (Nitrous oxide)

A
  • Dinitrogen oxide/Laughing gas
  • Major greenhouse gas
  • Used in dentistry as nesthetic
  • Colourless & Non-flammable
30
Q

What are the characteristics of NO (Nitric oxide)?

A
  • Free radical
  • React with ozone to produce NO2
  • Reddish brown gas
  • Very reacive
31
Q

What is the Ostwald process?

A

It is to produce nitric acid from ammonia

32
Q

How many steps are there in the Ostwald process?

A
  • Two
  • Oxidize ammonia with oxygen with platinum and 10% rhodium form nitric oxide
  • Exothermic
  • Nitric oxide oxidize again with oxygen in presence of water to produce nitrogen dioxide
  • Water will absorb Nitrogen dioxide to produce HNO3
33
Q

Characteristics of As4O6 and Sb4O6

A

Very poisonous

34
Q

How is As4O6 and Sb4O6 produced?

A
  • Burning the metal in air
  • Heating sulfide minerals As4S4/AS2S3
35
Q

Down the group, does the oxide get more acidic or basic?

A

Basic

36
Q

What is the amphoteric compound in this Group?

A

As4O6

Inorganic Chemistry I (4 decks)

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