Pnicogens Flashcards
Group 15
What are the elements in Group 15?
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth
Whats the general electronic configuration of Group 15?
ns2 np3
Whats another name for Group 15?
Pnicogens
What is the common oxidation state in Group 15?
+3 and +5
What is the non-metal in Group 15?
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
What is the semi metal in Group 15?
Arsenic and Antimony
What is the metal in Group 15?
Bismuth
What is the trend in metallic character for Group 15?
Metallic character increases down the group
What bonds does each element in G15 tend to make?
Nitrogen and Phosphorus - Covalent
Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth - Ionic
(Down the group tendency to release electron and exchange electron increase because size increase and EN decrease)
Going down Group 15, which oxidation state becomes more stable and why?
- +3 becomes more stable because of the inert pair effect
- Electrons in s orbital becomes less reactive and the tendency to release them is lower
What is the oxidation state commonly is present when reacting with a halogen and hydride?
Halogen- 3+ and 5+
Hydride- 3+
How many allotropes does phosphorus have?
Three:
1. White Phosphorus
2. Red Phosphorus
3. Black phosphorus
What are the characteristics of a White phosphorus?
- Waxy
- Very reactive with the presence of oxygen
- Usually kept in water
- Has tetrahedral structure made of P4 molecules
- Pyrophoric
- Toxic
What are the characteristics of a Red phosphorus?
- Less reactive than White Phosphorus
- Produces by burning white phosphorus at 250 or UV light exposure
- to make matches or bombs
What are the characteristics of a Black phosphorus?
- Least reactive out of all allotropes
- Produced by burning white phosphorus under pressure
- Orthorhombic structure
Uses of Nitrogen
- To produce ammonium
- To be used as liquid nitrogen in freeze drying of food industries
In what compound does phosphorus exist in
Calcium Phosphate Ca3(PO4)2
Uses of Phosphorus
- Buffering agent in blood
- Fertilizer
- Water softener
What is nitrous oxide also known as? (N2O)
Dinitrogen oxide or laughing gas.
What is the maximum oxidation state of Group V elements towards oxygen?
+5
What is the molecular structure of nitrogen?
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule
What is phosphoric acid also known as?
Orthophosphoric acid
How is Arsenic (As) and Antimony (Sb) and Bi (Bismuth) obtained?
- Obtained in its oxide form As2O3, Sb2O3 and Bi2O3
- In flue dust from roasting CuS, PbS, FeS, CoS and NiS in air
What are the properties of nitrous oxide (N2O) at room temperature?
-Colorless
-Non-flammable gas
-Slightly sweet odor and taste.
How can Arsenic be obtained its pure form?
- By reducing As2O3 with carbon
- Heating arsenides such as arsenopyrites FeAsS
to 700 in the absence of air
What bond type does most of the elements experience?
- Majority of compounds formed by this group are covalent
- Requires too much energy to remove all the five outer electrons so M5+ ions are not formed in normal condition.
What are the characteristics of nitrous oxide (NO2) gas?
- Paramagnetic (Substances that contain unpaired electrons, causing them to be attracted to external magnetic fields)
- Brown
- Toxic
- Pollutant gas
- Internal combustion engines.
What are the characteristics of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) gas?
- Colorless liquid
- Low Boiling Point
-Toxic - Corrosive
-Good oxidizing agent - Oxidizer in rocker propulsion
- Diamagnetic (All their electrons paired, resulting in a net magnetic moment of zero, causing them to be weakly repelled by external magnetic fields)
What are the characteristics of N2O (Nitrous oxide)
- Dinitrogen oxide/Laughing gas
- Major greenhouse gas
- Used in dentistry as nesthetic
- Colourless & Non-flammable
What are the characteristics of NO (Nitric oxide)?
- Free radical
- React with ozone to produce NO2
- Reddish brown gas
- Very reacive
What is the Ostwald process?
It is to produce nitric acid from ammonia
How many steps are there in the Ostwald process?
- Two
- Oxidize ammonia with oxygen with platinum and 10% rhodium form nitric oxide
- Exothermic
- Nitric oxide oxidize again with oxygen in presence of water to produce nitrogen dioxide
- Water will absorb Nitrogen dioxide to produce HNO3
Characteristics of As4O6 and Sb4O6
Very poisonous
How is As4O6 and Sb4O6 produced?
- Burning the metal in air
- Heating sulfide minerals As4S4/AS2S3
Down the group, does the oxide get more acidic or basic?
Basic
What is the amphoteric compound in this Group?
As4O6
