PNF Techniques

Question 1

3 major PNF techniques and their indications

Answer 1

Directed to agonist: muscle weakness

Reversal of Antagonist: muscle imbalance

Relaxation: muscle tightness and spasticity

Question 2

Strengthening

a. contract-relax
b. repeated contractions
c. rhythmic stabilization
d. hold-relax

Answer 2

Repeated contractions: Quick stretch then isometric or isotonic contraction

CR and HR for ROM

RS for ROM and muscle coordination

Question 3

Alternating isometrics

Answer 3

Facilitates isometric holding for weakness, instability in weight bearing, and poor postural control

Agonist contraction, then antagonist contraction

Question 4

Rhythmic initiation

Answer 4

Voluntary relaxation, then passive movement, then active-assisted movement, then resisted movement

For hypertonicity, inability to initiate movement, motor learning deficits, and communication deficits

Question 5

Timing for emphasis

Answer 5

Maximum resistance is used to elicit a sequence of contractions for major muscles

Allows overflow (irradiation) from strong to weak muscles

Question 6

Difference between contract-relax and hold-relax

Answer 6

Both move towards the primary motion (against the limiting muscle).

In CR, the antagonist (limiting muscle) is concentrically contracted before moving against it on the newly-acquired range.

In HR, the agonist (non-limiting muscle) is isometrically contracted before continuing the primary motion on the newly-acquired range.

Both are indicated to increase ROM.

Question 7

Maintained pressure.

Answer 7

A passive relaxation technique.

Pressure is maintained over the belly or tendon of a muscle, producing a calming effect. Effects are immediate, but short-lived.

Question 8

Rhythmic stabilization

Answer 8

Isometric contraction of all the muscles surrounding a joint against progressive resistance, before moving into the newly-acquired range and repeating the process.

It is indicated to increase ROM and to coordinate isometric contractions.

Question 9

Slow reversal hold

Answer 9

Alternating concentric contraction of the agonist and antagonist, with an isometric contraction at the end of each range.

Indicated for improving the stability of a joint.

Facilitatory in nature, and would not decrease sympathetic activity.