PNF

Question 1

PNF diagonal D1 flexion UE

Answer 1

start with GH IR, abduction, extension

goes to GH ER, add, flexion

Question 2

PNF diagonal D1 extension UE

Answer 2

start with GH ER, add, Flexion

end with GH IR, abd, Ext

Question 3

PNF D1 flexion LE

Answer 3

start with hip IR, abduction and ext

end with hip ER, add, flexion

Question 4

PNF D1 extension LE

Answer 4

start with hip flexion, ER, add

end with hip extension, IR, abd

Question 5

D2 flexion UE

Answer 5

start with GH IR, add, ext
end with GH ER, abduc, flexion
** pulling sword

Question 6

D2 extension UE

Answer 6

start with GH flexion, ER, abduction
end with GH IR, add, extension

** putting sword back

Question 7

D2 flexion LE

Answer 7

hip ER, add, ext

end with hip IR, abd, flexion

Question 8

D2 extension LE

Answer 8

start with hip IR, abd, flex

end with hip ER, add, ext

Question 9

Agonist Reversals

Answer 9

slow isotonic shortening contraction through range followed by eccentric lengthening of same muscle

Question 10

agonist reversal indications

Answer 10

weak postural muscles

inability to eccentrically control body weight during movement transitions (sitting down)

Question 11

approximation definition

Answer 11

joint compression

Question 12

approximation indications

Answer 12

stimulate afferent nerve endings

facilitate postural extensors promoting stability

Question 13

contract relax definition

Answer 13

isotonic movement in rotation followed by isometric hold of range limiting muscles in antagonist pattern against slowly increasing resistance then passive motion and active contraction of the agonist pattern

Question 14

contract relax indications

Answer 14

limited range of motion caused by muscle tightness or spasticity

Question 15

hold relax definition

Answer 15

isometric contraction of the antagonistic pattern against slowly increasing resistance followed by voluntary relaxation and passive movement into the new gained range of agonist pattern.

active contraction of the agonists can also be performed and relaxes the antagonist through reciprocal inhibition

Question 16

hold relax indications

Answer 16

limitations in ROM due to tightness, spasm, or pain

Question 17

repeated contractions definition

Answer 17

repeated isotonic contractions induced by quick stretches and enhanced by resistance performed though the range or part of the range at a point of weakness

Question 18

repeated contractions indications

Answer 18

weakness
incoordination
muscle imbalances
lack of endurance

Question 19

rhythmic initiation definition

Answer 19

voluntary relaxation followed by passive movement through increasing ROM, followed by active assisted contractions progressing to resisted isotonic contractions

Question 20

rhythmic initiation indications

Answer 20

spasticity 
rigidity
hypertonicity
inability to initiate motion (apraxia)
motor learning deficits
communication deficits (aphasia)

Question 21

rhythmic stabilization definition

Answer 21

simultaneous isometric contractions of both agonist and antagonist patterns performed without relaxation using careful grading of resistance .
co-contraction of opposite muscle groups

Question 22

rhythmic stabilization indications

Answer 22

instability in weight bearing and holding
poor antigravity control
weakness
ataxia
limited ROM caused by muscle tightness or painful muscle splinting

Question 23

slow reversal/ slow reversal hold definition

Answer 23

alternating isotonic contractions of agonist then antagonist patterns using careful grading of resistance and optimal facilitation.
in hold - isometric hold is added at end of motion or point of weakness

Question 24

slow reversal/ slow reversal hold indications

Answer 24

inability to reverse directions
muscle weakness or imbalances
incoordination
lack of endurance

Question 25

traction definiton

Answer 25

separation of joint surfaces

Question 26

traction indications

Answer 26

facilitates flexor muscles

mobilizing patterns