PNF Flashcards
Afterdischarge
Effect of a stimulus continues after the stimulus stops. As strength/duration increase so does after-discharge.
Temporal Summation
Succession of weak stimuli occurring within a certain short period of time summate to cause excitation
Spatial Summation
Weak stimuli applied simultaneously to different areas of the body reinforce each other to cause excitation.
Irradiation
Spreading and increased strength of a response. Occurs when either the # or strength of a stimuli is increased. response may be excitation or inhibition. The spread of the response to stimulation.
Reciprocal Inhibition
Contraction of muscles is accompanied by simultaneous inhibition of their antagonists. Necessary for coordinated movement.
Reinforcement
Strengthen weaker muscles by altering resistance given to strong muscles.
Manual Contact
PT hand must be on SKIN. Apply pressure opposite the direction of motion. Don’t hold circumferentially.
When does the initial command come?
Immediately before the stretch reflex.
What can affect the strength of the contraction?
Volume/intensity of the command.
What are the three parts to a verbal command?
Preparation: Ready pt for action
Action: Tells pt to start action
Correction: tells pt how to correct the modify the action.
How does vision affect force?
Can promote a more powerful muscle contraction. Moving eyes will affect head/body motion. Eye contact with PT = communication.
How is traction used?
Stimulates joint receptors. Aid in elongation of muscle, facilitate motion, resist some part of the motion.
How is approximation used?
Promote stabilization, facilitate WB and contraction of antigravity muscles, resist some component of motion.
Stretch stimulus
Occurs when a muscle is elongated. “Wind up the limb” Lengthened muscle tension.
Stretch reflex
Elicited from muscles that are under tension, either from elongation or contraction. “quick stretch”
What is normal timing?
Distal to proximal.
How does evolution of control proceed?
Cranial to caudal and proximal to distal.
Timing for emphasis
Changing normal sequencing of motions to emphasize a particular motion or desired activity. Resist isometric or maintained contraction of the strong muscles which exercising the weaker muscles.
Rhythmic initiation
Rhythmic motion of the body part through the desired range, starting with passive motion and progressing to active resisted movement.
Goals of Rhythmic Initiation
Aid in initiation of movement Improve coordination, and sense of motion Normalize rate of motion Teach the motion Help the patient relax
Combination of isotonics
Combined concentric, eccentric and stabilizing contraction of one group of muscles (agonists) w/o relaxation
Goals of Combination of isotonics
Active control of motion Increase coordination Increase AROM Strengthen Functional training in eccentrics
Dynamic reversals
Active motion changing from one direction (agonist) to the opposite (antagonist) without pause or relaxation.
Stabilizing reversals
Alternating isotonic contractions opposed by enough resistance to prevent motion.
Therapist allows very little motion to occur
Rhythmic Stabilization
Alternating isometric contraction against resistance, no motion intended.
Contract-Relax Direct
Resisted isotonic contraction [5-8 seconds] of the restricting muscles (antagonists) followed by relaxation and movement into the increased range.
Contract-Relax Indirect
Contraction of the agonistic muscles followed by relaxation and movement into the increased range.
Techniques to initiate movement
Rhythmic initiation
Repeated Stretch from beginning of range
Techniques to learn a motion
Rhythmic initiation
Combination of isotonics
Repeated stretch
Techniques to Increase Stability
Combination of Isotonics
Stabilizing Reversals
Rhythmic Stabilization
Techniques to Change the rate of motion
Rhythmic initiation
Dynamic reversal
Repeated Stretch
Techniques to increase coordination and control
Rhythmic initiation Combination of isotonics Dynamic reversals Stabilizing reversals Rhythmic stabilization Repeated stretch
Techniques to increase endurance
Dynamic reversals
Stabilizing reversals
Rhythmic stabilization
Repeated stretch
Techniques to promote relaxtion
Rhythmic initiation
Rhythmic stabilization
Hold-relax
UE D1 Flexion
Ending position: Shoulder - F, Add, ER Forearm - supination Wrist - flexion, RD Finger - Flexion Scap - ant elevation
UE D1 Extension
Ending position: Shoulder- Ext, IR, ABd Forearm - pronation Wrist/Fingers - extension, UD Scap - post depression
UE D2 Flexion
Ending position - Shoulder: Flexion, Abd, ER Forearm: supination Wrist/Fingers: Extension, RD Scap: post elevation
UE D2 Extension
Ending position - Shoulder: Extension, Adduction, IR Forearm: Pronation Wrist/Fingers: Flexion, UD Scap: ant depression
UE Pattern General Movements: ER is with forearm ____
Supination
UE Pattern General Movements: IR is with forearm ____
Pronation
UE Pattern General Movements: Extension of hand/wrist is with ___
Shoulder ABduction
UE Pattern General Movements: Flexion of hand/wrist is with ___
Shoulder ADduction
LE D1 Flexion
"pull me in the boat" Ending position: Hip: Flexion, Adduction, ER Ankle: DF, inv, Toe: extension
LE D1 Extension
Ending position:
Hip: Extension, Abduction, IR
Ankle: PF, Eversion
Toe: Flexion
LE D2 Flexion
Ending position:
Hip: flexion, ABduction, IR
Ankle: DF, ev
Toes: extension
LE D2 Extension
Ending position:
Hip: extension, ADduction, ER
Ankle: PF, inv
Toes: flexion
Scapular patterns
Anterior Elevation
Posterior Depression
Posterior Elevation
Anterior Depression (the pit pattern)
Pelvic patterns
Ant elevation
Post depression
Ant depression (thru trochanter or knee)
Post elevation
What are thrust patterns associated with?
Shoulder aDduction
Finger/Wrist/Elbow extension
Shoulder and forearm rotate opposite directions.
Ulnar Thrust
End position: Scapular - Elevation Shoulder - Flexion, adduction, ER Elbow: Extended Forearm - Pronation Wrist/Fingers - Extension, UD
Ulnar withdrawl
End position: Scapular - Depression Shoulder - Extension, IR, ABduction Elbow: Flexed Forearm - Supination Wrist/Fingers - Flexion, RD
Radial Thrust
End position: Scapular - Anterior Depression Shoulder - Extension, ADD, IR Elbow - Extension Forearm - Supination Wrist/Fingers - extension, RD
Radial Withdrawl
End position: Scapular - Posterior Elevation ? Shoulder - Flexion, ABD, ER Elbow - Flexion Forearm - Pronation Wrist/Fingers - Flexion, UD
Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?
Same pattern (D1 F bilat) vs. Different Patterns (D1 F, D2 F)
Reciprocal or Not?
One Flexing while the other extends
vs.
Both flexing/extending together
