PNF

Question 1

Afterdischarge

Answer 1

Effect of a stimulus continues after the stimulus stops. As strength/duration increase so does after-discharge.

Question 2

Temporal Summation

Answer 2

Succession of weak stimuli occurring within a certain short period of time summate to cause excitation

Question 3

Spatial Summation

Answer 3

Weak stimuli applied simultaneously to different areas of the body reinforce each other to cause excitation.

Question 4

Irradiation

Answer 4

Spreading and increased strength of a response. Occurs when either the # or strength of a stimuli is increased. response may be excitation or inhibition. The spread of the response to stimulation.

Question 5

Reciprocal Inhibition

Answer 5

Contraction of muscles is accompanied by simultaneous inhibition of their antagonists. Necessary for coordinated movement.

Question 6

Reinforcement

Answer 6

Strengthen weaker muscles by altering resistance given to strong muscles.

Question 7

Manual Contact

Answer 7

PT hand must be on SKIN. Apply pressure opposite the direction of motion. Don’t hold circumferentially.

Question 8

When does the initial command come?

Answer 8

Immediately before the stretch reflex.

Question 9

What can affect the strength of the contraction?

Answer 9

Volume/intensity of the command.

Question 10

What are the three parts to a verbal command?

Answer 10

Preparation: Ready pt for action
Action: Tells pt to start action
Correction: tells pt how to correct the modify the action.

Question 11

How does vision affect force?

Answer 11

Can promote a more powerful muscle contraction. Moving eyes will affect head/body motion. Eye contact with PT = communication.

Question 12

How is traction used?

Answer 12

Stimulates joint receptors. Aid in elongation of muscle, facilitate motion, resist some part of the motion.

Question 13

How is approximation used?

Answer 13

Promote stabilization, facilitate WB and contraction of antigravity muscles, resist some component of motion.

Question 14

Stretch stimulus

Answer 14

Occurs when a muscle is elongated. “Wind up the limb” Lengthened muscle tension.

Question 15

Stretch reflex

Answer 15

Elicited from muscles that are under tension, either from elongation or contraction. “quick stretch”

Question 16

What is normal timing?

Answer 16

Distal to proximal.

Question 17

How does evolution of control proceed?

Answer 17

Cranial to caudal and proximal to distal.

Question 18

Timing for emphasis

Answer 18

Changing normal sequencing of motions to emphasize a particular motion or desired activity. Resist isometric or maintained contraction of the strong muscles which exercising the weaker muscles.

Question 19

Rhythmic initiation

Answer 19

Rhythmic motion of the body part through the desired range, starting with passive motion and progressing to active resisted movement.

Question 20

Goals of Rhythmic Initiation

Answer 20

Aid in initiation of movement
Improve coordination, and sense of motion
Normalize rate of motion
Teach the motion
Help the patient relax

Question 21

Combination of isotonics

Answer 21

Combined concentric, eccentric and stabilizing contraction of one group of muscles (agonists) w/o relaxation

Question 22

Goals of Combination of isotonics

Answer 22

Active control of motion
Increase coordination
Increase AROM
Strengthen
Functional training in eccentrics

Question 23

Dynamic reversals

Answer 23

Active motion changing from one direction (agonist) to the opposite (antagonist) without pause or relaxation.

Question 24

Stabilizing reversals

Answer 24

Alternating isotonic contractions opposed by enough resistance to prevent motion.
Therapist allows very little motion to occur

Question 25

Rhythmic Stabilization

Answer 25

Alternating isometric contraction against resistance, no motion intended.

Question 26

Contract-Relax Direct

Answer 26

Resisted isotonic contraction [5-8 seconds] of the restricting muscles (antagonists) followed by relaxation and movement into the increased range.

Question 27

Contract-Relax Indirect

Answer 27

Contraction of the agonistic muscles followed by relaxation and movement into the increased range.

Question 28

Techniques to initiate movement

Answer 28

Rhythmic initiation | Repeated Stretch from beginning of range

Question 29

Techniques to learn a motion

Answer 29

Rhythmic initiation Combination of isotonics Repeated stretch

Question 30

Techniques to Increase Stability

Answer 30

Combination of Isotonics Stabilizing Reversals Rhythmic Stabilization

Question 31

Techniques to Change the rate of motion

Answer 31

Rhythmic initiation Dynamic reversal Repeated Stretch

Question 32

Techniques to increase coordination and control

Answer 32

``` Rhythmic initiation Combination of isotonics Dynamic reversals Stabilizing reversals Rhythmic stabilization Repeated stretch ```

Question 33

Techniques to increase endurance

Answer 33

Dynamic reversals Stabilizing reversals Rhythmic stabilization Repeated stretch

Question 34

Techniques to promote relaxtion

Answer 34

Rhythmic initiation Rhythmic stabilization Hold-relax

Question 35

UE D1 Flexion

Answer 35

``` Ending position: Shoulder - F, Add, ER Forearm - supination Wrist - flexion, RD Finger - Flexion Scap - ant elevation ```

Question 36

UE D1 Extension

Answer 36

``` Ending position: Shoulder- Ext, IR, ABd Forearm - pronation Wrist/Fingers - extension, UD Scap - post depression ```

Question 37

UE D2 Flexion

Answer 37

``` Ending position - Shoulder: Flexion, Abd, ER Forearm: supination Wrist/Fingers: Extension, RD Scap: post elevation ```

Question 38

UE D2 Extension

Answer 38

``` Ending position - Shoulder: Extension, Adduction, IR Forearm: Pronation Wrist/Fingers: Flexion, UD Scap: ant depression ```

Question 39

UE Pattern General Movements: ER is with forearm ____

Answer 39

Supination

Question 40

UE Pattern General Movements: IR is with forearm ____

Answer 40

Pronation

Question 41

UE Pattern General Movements: Extension of hand/wrist is with ___

Answer 41

Shoulder ABduction

Question 42

UE Pattern General Movements: Flexion of hand/wrist is with ___

Answer 42

Shoulder ADduction

Question 43

LE D1 Flexion

Answer 43

``` "pull me in the boat" Ending position: Hip: Flexion, Adduction, ER Ankle: DF, inv, Toe: extension ```

Question 44

LE D1 Extension

Answer 44

Ending position: Hip: Extension, Abduction, IR Ankle: PF, Eversion Toe: Flexion

Question 45

LE D2 Flexion

Answer 45

Ending position: Hip: flexion, ABduction, IR Ankle: DF, ev Toes: extension

Question 46

LE D2 Extension

Answer 46

Ending position: Hip: extension, ADduction, ER Ankle: PF, inv Toes: flexion

Question 47

Scapular patterns

Answer 47

Anterior Elevation Posterior Depression Posterior Elevation Anterior Depression (the pit pattern)

Question 48

Pelvic patterns

Answer 48

Ant elevation Post depression Ant depression (thru trochanter or knee) Post elevation

Question 49

What are thrust patterns associated with?

Answer 49

Shoulder aDduction Finger/Wrist/Elbow extension Shoulder and forearm rotate opposite directions.

Question 50

Ulnar Thrust

Answer 50

``` End position: Scapular - Elevation Shoulder - Flexion, adduction, ER Elbow: Extended Forearm - Pronation Wrist/Fingers - Extension, UD ```

Question 51

Ulnar withdrawl

Answer 51

``` End position: Scapular - Depression Shoulder - Extension, IR, ABduction Elbow: Flexed Forearm - Supination Wrist/Fingers - Flexion, RD ```

Question 52

Radial Thrust

Answer 52

``` End position: Scapular - Anterior Depression Shoulder - Extension, ADD, IR Elbow - Extension Forearm - Supination Wrist/Fingers - extension, RD ```

Question 53

Radial Withdrawl

Answer 53

``` End position: Scapular - Posterior Elevation ? Shoulder - Flexion, ABD, ER Elbow - Flexion Forearm - Pronation Wrist/Fingers - Flexion, UD ```

Question 54

Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?

Answer 54

``` Same pattern (D1 F bilat) vs. Different Patterns (D1 F, D2 F) ```

Question 55

Reciprocal or Not?

Answer 55

One Flexing while the other extends vs. Both flexing/extending together